% Multifile declarations.
:- multifile if/2.
:- multifile forall/2.


:- [trale_home(feature_ordering)].

% specify signature file
signature(signature).

% GRALE output specifications

hidden_feat(daughters).    % shown by the tree

synsem <<< arg_st.
vform <<< aux.
vform <<< inv.
subj <<< comps.
liker <<< liked.
sayer <<< said.
giver <<< gift.
gift <<< given.
>>> phon.


%====================================================================

% Simulation of Parametric Sorts as Principles of Grammar

fun list_of_synsems(-).

list_of_synsems(X) if
   when( (X=(e_list;ne_list) ),
           und_list_of_synsems(X)).

und_list_of_synsems(X) if (X=e_list).
und_list_of_synsems(X) if (X=[(synsem)|Y]),list_of_synsems(Y).

% subj:list(synsem)
% comps:ist(synsem)

val *> (subj:list_of_synsems,
        comps:list_of_synsems).

% arg_st:list(synsem)
word *> arg_st:list_of_synsems.



%====================================================================
% Phrase Structure Rules, encoding the ID-Principle and the
%                                      Constituent Order Principle and
%                                      Subcategorization Principle

% Head Subject Rule

head_subject rule
(phrase,
 synsem:loc:cat:val:(subj:e_list,
                     comps:e_list),
 daughters:(hs_struc,
            hdtr:Hdtr,
            ndtr:Ndtr),
 phon:MotherPhon)
   ===>
cat> (Ndtr, synsem:Synsem, phon:NdtrPhon),
cat> (Hdtr, synsem:loc:cat:val:(subj:[Synsem],
                                comps:e_list),
      phon:HdtrPhon),
goal> append(NdtrPhon,HdtrPhon,MotherPhon).


% Head Complement Rule

head_complement rule
(phrase,
 synsem:(loc:cat:val:(subj:Subj,
                     comps:List)),
 daughters:(hc_struc,
            hdtr:Hdtr,
            ndtr:Ndtr),
 phon:MotherPhon)
   ===>
cat> (Hdtr, synsem:loc:cat:val:(subj:Subj,
                                comps:[Synsem|List]),
      phon:HdtrPhon),
cat> (Ndtr, synsem:Synsem, phon:NdtrPhon),
goal> append(HdtrPhon,NdtrPhon,MotherPhon).


% Head Adjunct Rule

head_adjunct rule
(phrase,
 synsem:loc:cat:val:(subj:List,
                      comps:e_list),
 daughters:(ha_struc,
            hdtr:Hdtr,
            ndtr:Ndtr),
 phon:MotherPhon)
   ===>
cat> (Hdtr, synsem:(Synsem,
                   loc:cat:val:(subj:List,
                                comps:e_list)),
      phon:HdtrPhon),
cat> (Ndtr, synsem:loc:cat:(head:mod:Synsem,
                            val:(subj:e_list,
                                 comps:e_list)),  % added
      phon:NdtrPhon),
goal> append(HdtrPhon,NdtrPhon,MotherPhon).


% Subject Aux Inversion Rule

subject_aux_inversion rule
(phrase,
 synsem:(loc:cat:val:(subj:e_list,
                  comps:List)),
 daughters:(sai_struc,
            hdtr:Hdtr,
            ndtr:Ndtr),
 phon:MotherPhon)
   ===>
cat> (Hdtr, word, 
      synsem:loc:cat:(head:inv:plus,
                      val:(subj:[Synsem],
                           comps:List)),
      phon:HdtrPhon),
cat> (Ndtr, synsem:Synsem, phon:NdtrPhon),
goal> append(HdtrPhon,NdtrPhon,MotherPhon).


%====================================================================
% PRINCIPLES

% Head Feature Principle

phrase *> (synsem:loc:cat:head:Head,
           daughters:hdtr:synsem:loc:cat:head:Head).

% Semantics Principle

phrase *> ((synsem:loc:cont:Content,
            daughters:((hs_struc;hc_struc;sai_struc),
                      hdtr:synsem:loc:cont:Content);
          (synsem:loc:cont:Content,
           daughters:(ha_struc,
                      ndtr:synsem:loc:cont:Content)))).

% INV Principle

(synsem:loc:cat:head:inv:plus) *> (synsem:loc:cat:head:(vform:fin,
                                                        aux:plus)).

% MOD Principle

(phrase,
 daughters:(hs_struc;hc_struc;sai_struc))
  *> daughters:ndtr:synsem:loc:cat:head:mod:none.


% Argument Realization Principle

(word,
 synsem:loc:cat:head:pred:plus) *> (synsem:loc:cat:val:(subj:[Synsem],
                                                        comps:List),
                                    arg_st:[Synsem|List]).

(word,
 synsem:loc:cat:head:pred:minus) *> (synsem:loc:cat:val:(subj:e_list,
                                                        comps:List),
                                    arg_st:List).


% Structural Case Principle

Synsem^(phrase,
 daughters:(hdtr:synsem:loc:cat:(head:vform:fin,
                                 val:subj:[Synsem]),
            ndtr:synsem:(Synsem,
                         loc:cat:head:noun)))
*> (daughters:ndtr:synsem:loc:cat:head:case:nom).

(phrase,
 daughters:(hc_struc,
            ndtr:synsem:loc:cat:head:noun))
*> (daughters:ndtr:synsem:loc:cat:head:case:acc).


% Functional Preposition Principle

(word,
phon:ne_list,
synsem:loc:cat:head:(prep,
                     pform:non_lexical))
*>
(synsem:loc:(cat:(head:(mod:none,pred:minus)),
              cont:Cont),
arg_st:([(loc:(cat:val:(subj:[],comps:[]),
               cont:Cont))])
).


% Subject Principles

(val,subj:ne_list) *> subj:[_].

(head:verb,val:subj:e_list) *> head:vform:fin.


%====================================================================
% LEXICON

% NOUNS


peter ---> (phon:[(a_ peter)],
	    synsem:loc:(cat:head:(noun,
                            pred:minus),
                       cont:index:(ref,
                                   num:sg,
                                   pers:third,
                                   gen:masc)),
           arg_st:e_list).

mary ---> (phon:[(a_ mary)],
	   synsem:loc:(cat:head:(noun,
                            pred:minus),
                      cont:index:(ref,
                                  num:sg,
                                  pers:third,
                                  gen:fem)),
          arg_st:e_list).

he ---> (phon:[(a_ he)],
	 synsem:loc:(cat:head:(noun,
                          case:nom,
                          pred:minus),
                    cont:index:(ref,
                                num:sg,
                                pers:third,
                                gen:masc)),
        arg_st:e_list).

she ---> (phon:[(a_ she)],
	  synsem:loc:(cat:head:(noun,
                               case:nom,
                               pred:minus),
                    cont:index:(ref,
                                num:sg,
                                pers:third,
                                gen:fem)),
         arg_st:e_list).

it ---> (phon:[(a_ it)],
	 synsem:loc:(cat:head:(noun,
                              pred:minus),
                    cont:index:(ref,
                                num:sg,
                                pers:third,
                                gen:neut)),
         arg_st:e_list).

it ---> (phon:[(a_ it)],
	 synsem:loc:(cat:head:(noun,
                            pred:minus),
                    cont:index:(it,
                                num:sg,
                                pers:third,
                                gen:neut)),
         arg_st:e_list).

him ---> (phon:[(a_ him)],
	  synsem:loc:(cat:head:(noun,
                               case:acc,
                               pred:minus),
                     cont:index:(ref,
                                 num:sg,
                                 pers:third,
                                 gen:masc)),
          arg_st:e_list).

her ---> (phon:[(a_ her)],
	  synsem:loc:(cat:head:(noun,
                               case:acc,
                               pred:minus),
                     cont:index:(ref,
                                 num:sg,
                                 pers:third,
                                 gen:fem)),
          arg_st:e_list).

you ---> (phon:[(a_ you)],
	  synsem:loc:(cat:head:(noun,
                               pred:minus),
                     cont:index:(ref,
                                 pers:second)),
          arg_st:e_list).

they ---> (phon:[(a_ they)],
	   synsem:loc:(cat:head:(noun,
                                case:nom,
                                pred:minus),
                      cont:index:(ref,
                                  pers:third,
                                  num:pl)),
           arg_st:e_list).

them ---> (phon:[(a_ them)],
	   synsem:loc:(cat:head:(noun,
                                case:acc,
                                pred:minus),
                      cont:index:(ref,
                                  pers:third,
                                  num:pl)),
           arg_st:e_list).



% VERBS

walk --->  (phon:[(a_ walk)],
	    synsem:loc:(cat:head:(verb,
                                 vform: base,
                                 pred: plus,
                                 aux: minus),
                       cont:(walk_rel,
                             walker:Index)),
            arg_st:[(loc:(cat:(head:noun,
                               val:(subj:e_list,
                                    comps:e_list)),
                          cont:index:Index))]).


rain --->  (phon:[(a_ rain)],
	    synsem:loc:(cat:head:(verb,
                                 vform: base,
                                 pred: plus,
                                 aux: minus),
                       cont:rain_rel),
            arg_st:[(loc:(cat:(head:noun,
                               val:(subj:e_list,
                                    comps:e_list)),
                          cont:index:it))]).

like --->  (phon:[(a_ like)],
	    synsem:loc:(cat:head:(verb,
                                 vform: base,
                                 pred: plus,
                                 aux: minus),
                       cont:(like_rel,
                             liker:Index1,
                             liked:Index2)),
            arg_st:[(loc:(cat:(head:noun,
                               val:(subj:e_list,
                                    comps:e_list)),
                          cont:index:Index1)),
                     (loc:(cat:(head:noun,
                                val:(subj:e_list,
                                     comps:e_list)),
                          cont:index:Index2))]).


say --->  (phon:[(a_ say)],
	   synsem:loc:(cat:head:(verb,
                                vform: base,
                                pred: plus,
                                aux: minus),
                      cont:(say_rel,
                            sayer:Index,
                            said:Psoa)),
            arg_st:[(loc:(cat:(head:noun,
                               val:(subj:e_list,
                                    comps:e_list)),
                          cont:index:Index)),
                     (loc:(cat:(head:(functional,
                                      vform:fin,
                                      marking:that),
                                val:(subj:e_list,
                                     comps:e_list)),
                           cont:Psoa))]).


give --->  (phon:[(a_ give)],
	    synsem:loc:(cat:head:(verb,
                                 vform: base,
                                 pred: plus,
                                 aux: minus),
                       cont:(give_rel,
                             giver:Index1,
                             gift:Index2,
                             given:Index3)),
            arg_st:[(loc:(cat:(head:noun,
                               val:(subj:e_list,
                                    comps:e_list)),
                          cont:index:Index1)),
                     (loc:(cat:(head:noun,
                                val:(subj:e_list,
                                comps:e_list)),
                           cont:index:Index2)),
                     (loc:(cat:(head:(prep,
                                      pform:to),
                                val:(subj:e_list,
                                     comps:e_list)),
                           cont:index:Index3))]).


%%% AUXILIARIES

% LE of is (passive auxiliary)

be ---> (phon:[(a_ be)],
	 synsem:loc:(cat:head:(verb,
                             vform:base,
                             pred:plus,
                             aux:plus),
                     cont:Cont),
        arg_st:[(Synsem),(loc:(cat:(head:(verb,
                                          vform:pas),
                                    val:(subj:[(Synsem)],
                                         comps:e_list)),
                               cont:Cont))]).

% LE of will (future auxiliary)

will ---> (phon:[(a_ will)],
	   synsem:loc:(cat:head:(verb,
                                vform:fin,
                                pred:plus,
                                aux:plus),
                      cont:(future_rel,
                            soa_arg:Cont)),
      arg_st:[(Synsem),(loc:(cat:(head:(verb,
                                        vform:base),
                                  val:(subj:[(Synsem)],
                                       comps:e_list)),
                              cont:Cont))]).


have ---> (phon:[(a_ have)],
	   synsem:loc:(cat:head:(verb,
                                vform:base,
                                pred:plus,
                                aux:plus),
                      cont:Cont),
      arg_st:[(Synsem),(loc:(cat:(head:(verb,
                                        vform:psp),
                                  val:(subj:[(Synsem)],
                                       comps:e_list)),
                             cont:Cont))]).

be ---> (phon:[(a_ be)],
	 synsem:loc:(cat:head:(verb,
                              vform:base,
                              pred:plus,
                              aux:plus),
                     cont:Cont),
      arg_st:[(Synsem),(loc:(cat:(head:(verb,
                                        vform:prp),
                                  val:(subj:[(Synsem)],
                                       comps:e_list)),
                             cont:Cont))]).



% PREPOSITIONS

by ---> (word, phon:[(a_ by)],
	 synsem:loc:cat:head:(prep,
                              pform:by)).

to ---> (word, phon:[(a_ to)],
	 synsem:loc:cat:head:(prep,
                              pform:to)).

to ---> (phon:[(a_ to)],
        synsem:loc:(cat:head:(prep,
                               mod:(loc:(cat:(head:verb,
                                              val:(subj:ne_list,
                                                   comps:e_list)),
                                         cont:(Cont1))),
                               pred:minus,
                               pform:lexical),
                    cont:search_rel(Cont2,Cont1)),
        arg_st:[(loc:(cat:(head:noun,
                           val:(subj:e_list,
                                comps:e_list)),
                      cont:index:Cont2))]).

fun search_rel(+,+,-).

search_rel(C,X,Y) if
  when( (X=(move_rel;tense_rel;like_rel;say_rel;give_rel;rain_rel;
            direction_rel;here_rel) ),
           ((X=(move_rel;tense_rel), und_search_rel(C,X,Y));fail)).

und_search_rel(C,X,Y) if (X=move_rel),(Y=(direction_rel,
                                          movement:X,
                                          goal:C)).
und_search_rel(C,X,Y) if (X=(future_rel,
                             soa_arg:Cont)),(Y=(future_rel,
                                               soa_arg:search_rel(C,Cont))).
und_search_rel(C,X,Y) if (X=(perfect_rel,
                             soa_arg:Cont)),(Y=(perfect_rel,
                                               soa_arg:search_rel(C,Cont))).
und_search_rel(C,X,Y) if (X=(present_rel,
                             soa_arg:Cont)),(Y=(present_rel,
                                               soa_arg:search_rel(C,Cont))).
und_search_rel(C,X,Y) if (X=(past_rel,
                             soa_arg:Cont)),(Y=(past_rel,
                                               soa_arg:search_rel(C,Cont))).
und_search_rel(C,X,Y) if (X=(cont_rel,
                             soa_arg:Cont)),(Y=(cont_rel,
                                               soa_arg:search_rel(C,Cont))).


% ADVERBS

here ---> (phon:[(a_ here)],
	   synsem:loc:(cat:head:(adv,
                                 pred:minus,
                                 mod:loc:(cat:(head:verb,
                                               val:subj:ne_list),
                                          cont:Cont)),
                       cont:(here_rel,
                             located:Cont)),
          arg_st:[]).


% COMPLEMENTIZERS

that ---> (phon:[(a_ that)],
	   synsem:loc:(cat:head:(functional,
                                 pred:minus,
                                 vform:Vform,
                                 mod:none,
                                 marking:that),
                       cont:Cont),
          arg_st:[(loc:(cat:(head:(verb,
                                   vform:(Vform,fin)),
                             val:(subj:e_list,
                                  comps:e_list)),
                        cont:Cont))]).


%====================================================================

phonology
forall Word ---> FS do
 FS = phon:[(a_ Word)].


%====================================================================
% Lexical Rules

% PSP Lexical Rule

psp lex_rule
(word,
 synsem:loc:(cat:head:(vform:base,
                       aux:Aux,
                       pred:Pred),
             cont:Cont),
 arg_st:Arg)
 **>
(synsem:loc:(cat:head:(vform:psp,
                       aux:Aux,
                       pred:Pred),
             cont:(perfect_rel,
                   soa_arg:Cont)),
 arg_st:Arg)
morphs
be becomes been,
give becomes given,
have becomes had,
say becomes said,
(X,[e]) becomes (X,ed),
X becomes (X,ed).

% Present Participle Lexical Rule

prp lex_rule
(word,
 synsem:loc:(cat:head:(vform:base,
                       aux:Aux,
                       pred:Pred),
             cont:Cont),
 arg_st:Arg)
 **>
(synsem:loc:(cat:head:(vform:prp,
                       aux:Aux,
                       pred:Pred),
             cont:(cont_rel,
                   soa_arg:Cont)),
 arg_st:Arg)
morphs
be becomes being,
(X,[e]) becomes (X,ing),
X becomes (X,ing).


% Passive Lexical Rule

passive lex_rule
(word,
 synsem:(loc:(cat:head:(verb,
                        vform:psp,
                        aux:(Aux,minus),      % no passive of auxiliaries
                        inv:Inv,
                        pred:Pred),
              cont:soa_arg:Cont),
         nonloc:Nonloc),
 arg_st:[(loc:(cat:(head:noun,
                    val:(subj:e_list,
                         comps:e_list)),
              cont:Cont2)),
         Synsem1|
         List])
 **>
(word,
 synsem:(loc:(cat:head:(verb,
                        vform:pas,
                        aux:Aux,
                        inv:Inv,
                        pred:Pred),
              cont:Cont),
         nonloc:Nonloc),
 arg_st:([Synsem1|List];Result))
if append(([Synsem1|List]),[(loc:(cat:(head:(prep,
                                       pform:by),
                                      val:(subj:e_list,
                                           comps:e_list)),
                                  cont:Cont2))],Result)
morphs
X becomes X.


append(X,Y,Z) if
   when(  ( X=(e_list;ne_list)
          ; Y=e_list
          ; Z=(e_list;ne_list)
                ),
            undelayed_append(X,Y,Z)).

undelayed_append(L,[],L) if true.
undelayed_append([],(L,ne_list),L) if true.
undelayed_append([H|T1],(L,ne_list),[H|T2]) if
  append(T1,L,T2).


% 3rd_sing_fin_lex_rule

third_sing_fin lex_rule
(word,
 synsem:loc:(cat:head:(vform:base,
                       aux:Aux,
                       pred:Pred),
             cont:Cont),
 arg_st:Arg)
 **>
(synsem:loc:(cat:(head:(vform:fin,
                       aux:Aux,
                       pred:Pred),
                  val:subj:[(loc:cont:(psoa;index:(pers:third,
                                                   num:sg)))]),
             cont:(present_rel,
                  soa_arg:Cont)),
 arg_st:Arg,
 phon:[(a_ NewWord)])
morphs
be becomes is,
have becomes has,
X becomes (X,s).

% non_3rd_sing_fin_lex_rule

non_third_sing_fin lex_rule
(word,
 synsem:loc:(cat:head:(vform:base,
                       aux:Aux,
                       pred:Pred),
             cont:Cont),
 arg_st:Arg)
 **>
(synsem:loc:(cat:(head:(vform:fin,
                       aux:Aux,
                       pred:Pred),
                  val:subj:[(loc:cont:index:(num:pl;
                                             (pers:(first;second),
                                             num:sg)))]),
             cont:(present_rel,
                   soa_arg:Cont)),
 arg_st:Arg)
morphs
be becomes are,
X becomes X.


% past_lex_rule no1

non_third__first_sing_past lex_rule
(word,
 synsem:loc:(cat:head:(vform:base,
                       aux:Aux,
                       pred:Pred),
             cont:Cont),
 arg_st:Arg)
 **>
(synsem:loc:(cat:(head:(vform:fin,
                       aux:Aux,
                       pred:Pred),
                  val:subj:[(loc:cont:index:(num:pl;
                                            (pers:second,
                                             num:sg)))]),
             cont:(past_rel,
                   soa_arg:Cont)),
 arg_st:Arg)
morphs
be becomes were,
give becomes gave,
have becomes had,
say becomes said,
(X,[e]) becomes (X,ed),
X becomes (X,ed).


% past_lex_rule no2

third__first_sing_past lex_rule
(word,
 synsem:loc:(cat:head:(vform:base,
                       aux:Aux,
                       pred:Pred),
             cont:Cont),
 arg_st:Arg)
 **>
(synsem:loc:(cat:(head:(vform:fin,
                       aux:Aux,
                       pred:Pred),
                  val:subj:[(loc:cont:(psoa;index:(pers:(first;third),
                                                   num:sg)))]),
             cont:(past_rel,
                   soa_arg:Cont)),
 arg_st:Arg)
morphs
be becomes was,
give becomes gave,
have becomes had,
say becomes said,
(X,[e]) becomes (X,ed),
X becomes (X,ed).


%====================================================================