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Practical Grammar 10

Gert — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 11:40:32 GMT

Object control: persuade

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	5. To separate these finite and infinitival verb forms from each other, we introduce a new feature called '''VFORM''', with the values "fin" (= finite = tensed) and "inf" (= infinitive = non-tensed). There will eventually also be VFORM values for progressive verb forms like ''buying'' and participles like ''bought'', but we will not deal with those here.<br>		5. To separate these finite and infinitival verb forms from each other, we introduce a new feature called '''VFORM''', with the values "fin" (= finite = tensed) and "inf" (= infinitive = non-tensed). There will eventually also be VFORM values for progressive verb forms like ''buying'' and participles like ''bought'', but we will not deal with those here.<br>
	6. As always, when we introduce a new expression kind (in this case the infinitive), we need to specify a grammatical function for it. For tensed subordinate clauses we chose the grammatical function COMP (= complement clause). For infinitival complements we postulate the grammatical function '''XCOMP'''. The X stands for the unexpressed subject of the subordinate clause.		6. As always, when we introduce a new expression kind (in this case the infinitive), we need to specify a grammatical function for it. For tensed subordinate clauses we chose the grammatical function COMP (= complement clause). For infinitival complements we postulate the grammatical function '''XCOMP'''. The X stands for the unexpressed subject of the subordinate clause.




	~~In the following exercise, we will extend the grammar to license sentences with verbs like ''try'', ''promise'', and ''persuade''.~~

	== How to write the control equations in XLFG ==		== How to write the control equations in XLFG ==
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	'''Also note:''' if necessary, there may be additional statements inside the curly brackets besides the control equations. Every such statement also ends with a semicolon!		'''Also note:''' if necessary, there may be additional statements inside the curly brackets besides the control equations. Every such statement also ends with a semicolon!

	==== <span style="color: blue>Exercise 10.1</span> Controlled infinitival complement clauses ====		In the following exercise, we will extend the grammar to license sentences with verbs like ''try'', ''promise'', and ''persuade''.

			==== <span style="color: blue>Exercise 10</span> Controlled infinitival complement clauses ====

	1. Go to <span class="newwin">https://xlfg.labri.fr/</span> and log in.<br>		1. Go to <span class="newwin">https://xlfg.labri.fr/</span> and log in.<br>
	2. Open ''Grammar ~~XXX~~''.<br>		2. Open ''Exam Grammar SoSe 2026''.<br>
	3. The grammar contains 14 test sentences.		3. The grammar contains 14 test sentences.<br>
	4. Add lexical entries and phrase structure rules so that your grammar makes the correct grammaticality predictions for all 14 test sentences.		4. Add lexical entries and phrase structure rules so that your grammar makes the correct grammaticality predictions for all 14 test sentences.
	6.



			'''Important note''': the Wiki page currently does not allow me to upload pictures. Therefore, I have uploaded '''to Olat''' the file
			Exercise-10-expected-output.pdf
			which presents the structures that your grammar should produce for 14 test sentences.

Practical Grammar 15

Gert — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 11:22:53 GMT

Raising and control

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 ==''expect(Object raising verb)''==
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 (2) Ingrid buys olives <br>
 (3) *Ingrid tried buys olives

Practical Grammar 10

Gert — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 11:21:38 GMT

Exercise 10.1 Controlled infinitival complement clauses

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Practical Grammar 15

Gert — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 11:19:56 GMT

Created page with "==''expect(Object raising verb)''== ''expect'' is an object raising verb. Exercise 9.4 Make all the changes to your current grammar so that it licenses the representations below: (5) Ingrid expected Fred to buy olives. 1000px 500px 500px 4. The most com..."

New page

==''expect(Object raising verb)''==

''expect'' is an object raising verb.

Exercise 9.4 

Make all the changes to your current grammar so that it licenses the representations below:

(5) Ingrid expected Fred to buy olives.

[[File:Ingrid-expected-Fred-to-buy-olives-cs.JPG | 1000px]]    
[[File:Ingrid-expected-Fred-to-buy-olives-fs.JPG | 500px]]
[[File:Ingrid-expected-Fred-to-buy-olives-as.JPG | 500px]]
 

4. The most complex task is to encode the control behavior of the different verbs. We need statements to the effect that the subject (or object) of the higher verb controls (= is identical) to the subject of the XCOMP. For that, we need to add special equations to the lexical entries of control verbs, which are of the general form:

(↑ GF) = (↑ XCOMP SUBJ);

where GF is either SUBJ or OBJ. In the first case we get:

(↑ SUBJ) = (↑ XCOMP SUBJ);

This means, informally: my subject is identical to my XCOMP's SUBJ. In other words, this encodes subject control. Object control works the same. Remember to use the arrows from the XLFG editor rather than those from your keyboard!

==== Exercise 10.1 Controlled infinitive complement clauses ====

1. Go to https://147.210.117.56 and log in. 
2. Open ''Grammar XXX''. 

6. Parse and make sure that all 6 sentences come out as grammatical.

* Go to [https://xlfg.labri.fr/ https://xlfg.labri.fr/].
* Create a new project and copy your previous grammar into your new project.
* On the basis of pages 102-108 in the textbook, make all the additions to the grammar that are necessary to yield the following o

(1) Ingrid tried to buy olives

[[File:Ingrid-tried-to-buy-olives-cs.JPG | 500px]]    
[[File:Ingrid-tried-to-buy-olives-fs.JPG | 500px]]
 

Make sure that your grammar makes the correct predictions for the sentence below:

(2) Ingrid buys olives 
(3) *Ingrid tried buys olives

Practical Grammar 10

Gert — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 11:17:42 GMT

Object control: persuade

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Practical Grammar 2

Gert — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 11:07:33 GMT

Your first grammar in xlfg

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	You first log onto xlfg:		You first log onto xlfg:

	# Go to <span class="newwin">https://~~147~~.~~210~~.~~117.56~~</span> and log in.<br>		# Go to <span class="newwin">https://xlfg.labri.fr/</span> and log in.<br>

	Then you locate our workshop:		Then you locate our workshop:

Practical Grammar 10

Gert — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 11:06:07 GMT

Exercise 10.1 The past tense

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	This means, informally: my subject is identical to my XCOMP's SUBJ. In other words, this encodes subject control. Object control works the same. Remember to use the arrows from the XLFG editor rather than those from your keyboard!		This means, informally: my subject is identical to my XCOMP's SUBJ. In other words, this encodes subject control. Object control works the same. Remember to use the arrows from the XLFG editor rather than those from your keyboard!

	-->
			==== <span style="color: blue>Exercise 10.1</span> Controlled infinitive complement clauses ====

			1. Go to <span class="newwin">https://147.210.117.56</span> and log in.<br>
			2. Open ''Grammar XXX''.<br>



			6. Parse and make sure that all 6 sentences come out as grammatical.




	<!--		<!--
	* Go to <span class="newwin">[https://xlfg.labri.fr/ https://xlfg.labri.fr/]</span>.		* Go to <span class="newwin">[https://xlfg.labri.fr/ https://xlfg.labri.fr/]</span>.
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	-->		-->

	In the following ~~exercises~~, we will extend the grammar to license sentences with verbs like ''try'' and ''persuade''.		In the following exercise, we will extend the grammar to license sentences with verbs like ''try'', ''promise'', and ''persuade''.

	== How to write the control equations in XLFG ==		== How to write the control equations in XLFG ==

	~~=== Subject~~ control~~: ''try~~'' and ~~''promise'' ===~~		Each control verb contains a control equation that expresses which of the control verb's arguments controls the understood SUBJ of the control verb's XCOMP. Below, the equations for SUBJ and OBJ control are stated.

	~~(↑SUBJ) = (↑XCOMP SUBJ); the SUBJ of the higher verb and the XCOMP~~'~~s SUBJ are identical.~~		'''Note:'''

	~~== Subject~~ control: ''~~try~~''==		a. Remember to use the up arrow from the editor, not those from your keyboard.<br>
			b. The control equations must occur in curled parentheses at the end of the lexical entry. <br>
			c. There is '''no''' semicolon before '''{''' !<br>
			d. There '''is''' a semicolon after '''}''' !

	~~Notation~~:		== Subject control: ''try'' and ''promise'' ==

	~~In the exercises of this unit, we will have to implement '''Control''': this means that a grammatical function~~ of the higher verb and the ~~SUBJ of the higher verb~~'s ~~XCOMP~~ are identical.		The SUBJ of the higher verb and the XCOMP's SUBJ are identical:
			{ (↑SUBJ) = (↑XCOMP SUBJ); };

	~~In XLFG, this is written as follows~~:		==Object control: ''persuade''==

	* (↑SUBJ) = (↑XCOMP SUBJ); the SUBJ of the higher verb and the XCOMP's SUBJ are identical.		The OBJ of the higher verb and the XCOMP's SUBJ are identical.
	* (↑OBJ) = (↑XCOMP SUBJ); ~~the OBJ of the higher verb and the XCOMP's SUBJ are identical.~~		{ (↑OBJ) = (↑XCOMP SUBJ); };

	~~Note~~: ~~remember to use~~ the ~~up and down arrows from~~ the ~~XLFG editor rather than those from your keyboard~~!		'''Also note:''' if necessary, there may be additional statements inside the curly brackets besides the control equations. Every such statement also ends with a semicolon!

	<span style="color: blue>Exercise 10.1 </span>		==== <span style="color: blue>Exercise 10.1</span> Controlled infinitival complement clauses ====
	* Go to <span class=~~"newwin">[https://xlfg.labri.fr/ https://xlfg.labri.fr/]</span>.~~
	~~<!-- * Extend your lastest grammar or make yourself a copy of Grammar5-Ex8.2-solution. -->~~
	* Make all the additions to the grammar that are necessary to yield the following outputs for sentence (1), repeated below:

	(1~~) Ingrid tried~~ to ~~buy olives~~.		1. Go to <span class="newwin">https://147.210.117.56</span> and log in.<br>
			2. Open ''Grammar XXX''.<br>
			3. Copy the verb ''disappeared'' from your version of Grammar 4 and add it to the lexicon.<br>
			4. Add lexical entries for all English personal pronouns, i.e. ''I'', ''you'', ... with their correct AGR values. You will need two entries for ''you''.
			5. For each pronoun, add a sentence to the testsuite that consists of the pronoun followed by ''disappeared'' and nothing else.<br>

	~~'''Note:''' XLFG will create several f-structures for most~~ sentences ~~involving infinitives. You may have to '''scroll to the right''' in the f-structure window to see the first well formed f-structure~~.		6. Parse and make sure that all 6 sentences come out as grammatical.

	<!--		<!--