Practical Grammar 11 - Revision history

Gert at 09:25, 9 June 2023

2023-06-09T09:25:03Z

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	'''Week 11''' ~~[[Practical_Grammar_12\|'''Term Paper Project''']]~~		'''Week 11'''
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			<!-- [[Practical_Grammar_12\|'''Term Paper Project''']] -->

Gert at 13:23, 6 February 2023

2023-02-06T13:23:39Z

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	'''Week 11''' [[Practical_Grammar_12\|'''~~Week 12~~''']]		'''Week 11''' [[Practical_Grammar_12\|'''Term Paper Project''']]
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Gert at 12:28, 6 February 2023

2023-02-06T12:28:11Z

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	[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\|'''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7_new\|'''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8\|'''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\|'''Week 9''']] '''Week 10'''		[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\|'''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7_new\|'''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8\|'''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\|'''Week 9''']] [[Practical_Grammar_10\|'''Week 10''']]
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	~~[[Practical_Grammar_11\|~~'''Week 11''']] [[Practical_Grammar_12\|'''Week 12''']]		'''Week 11''' [[Practical_Grammar_12\|'''Week 12''']]
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Gert at 07:57, 6 February 2023

2023-02-06T07:57:48Z

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	~~<font face~~=~~"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">~~		== Determiner Phrases with possessives ==
	~~<font size~~=~~"3">~~
			=== Exercise ===

			In this exercise, you are supposed to add to the grammar (if necessary) the lexical entries and rules to license the following strings:

	~~== When it rains, it pours ==~~		(1) the car<br>
			(2) my car<br>
			(3) Ingrid s<br>
			(4) Ingrid s car<br>

	~~Implement the analysis of weather verbs that is given on p. 107 of the textbook. Your grammar should predict the following facts:~~		<!--
			(3) my new car<br>
			(4) my shiny new car<br>
			(5) *Ingrid car<br>
			(6) Ingrid s car<br>
			(7) I like my shiny new car<br>
			(8) I like Ingrid s shiny new car<br>
			(9) I like my brother s shiny new car<br>
			(10) I like Ingrid s brother s shiny new car
			-->

	~~(1) It rained.<br>~~		Your grammar should output the following representations:
	~~(2) *Ingrid rained<br>~~

	~~For~~ (1)~~, your grammar should produce the Argument Structure below as the~~ '''~~only~~''' ~~grammatical output:~~		(1) '''the car'''<br>

	[[ File:~~Rain~~-~~AgrSJPG~~.JPG \| ~~100px~~]]		[[File:The-car-csJPG.JPG\|250px]]

	As (1) shows, weather verbs demand the meaningless form ''it'' as their SUBJ. Such meaningless words are called '''expletives'''. Thus, English has both an expletive ''it'' (= meaningless) and a referential ''it'' (a third person singular pronoun, as in ''I saw it''.		[[File:The-car-fs.JPG\|120px]]

	~~== Existential sentences ==~~		[[File:The-car.as.JPG\|90px]]

	~~English has a second expletive, namely the word~~ ''~~there~~'' ~~in sentences like (3):~~		(2) '''my car'''<br>

	~~(3) There arose a storm<br>~~		[[File:My-car-cs.JPG\|250px]]

	These sentences are called existential sentences, because they express that an instance of the concept named by the postverbal NP exists or comes about. Sentence (3), for instance, says that a storm came into existence. This can also be expressed by "A storm arose", but (3) stresses the existential aspect more strongly.		[[File:My-car-fs.JPG\|230px]]

	~~Existential sentences require the '''expletive''' ''there''~~ as a SUBJ, because the existence is expressed by the verb ''arise'' and ''there'' contributes no meaning to the sentence. In this usage, ''there'' is a noun. In its usage as a locative element (which we are not dealing with here), it is an adverb.		[[File:My-car-as.JPG\|250px]]

	~~From what was said above, the constrast between (3) and (4) follows. Implement these two sentences:~~

	(4) *Ingrid ~~arose a storm~~		(3) '''Ingrid s'''<br>

	~~Sentence (3) should get a single Argument Structure, namely the following one~~:		[[File:Ingrid-s-cs.JPG\|200px]]

	[[ File:~~Arose~~-a-~~storm-as~~.JPG \| ~~340px~~]]		[[File:Ingrid-s-fs.JPG\|240px]]

	~~== Weather verbs and existential verbs in functional control constructions ==~~		[[File:Ingrid-s-as.JPG\|120px]]

	~~Now, we are going to test whether your solution to the exercise in Unit 9 and your solutions to the two problems above work together correctly.~~

	~~Add the following test items to your grammar and parse all items:~~		(4) '''Ingrid s car'''<br>

	~~(5) *There bought olives <br>~~		[[File:Ingrid-s-car-cs.JPG\|300px]]
	(6) *Ingrid ~~rained<br>~~
	~~(7) *There rained<br>~~
	~~(8) *Ingrid arose a storm<br>~~
	~~(9) *It arose a storm<br>~~
	~~(10) *It tried to rain<br>~~
	~~(11) *There tried to arise a storm<br>~~
	~~(12) It seemed to rain<br>~~
	~~(13) There seemed to arise a storm~~

	~~The data above together with the data from Unit 9 illustrate the following generalizations~~:		[[File:Ingrid-s-car-fs.JPG\|310px]]

	~~a. The verb ''buy'' tolerates as its SUBJ the word ''~~Ingrid~~'' but not the expletives ''it'' and ''there''.<br>~~		[[File:Ingrid-s-car-as.JPG\|250px]]
	~~b. The verb ''rain'' tolerates as its SUBJ the expletive ''it'' but not the words ''Ingrid'' and the expletive ''there''.<br>~~
	~~c. The verb ''arise'' in its existential use tolerates as its SUBJ the expletive ''there'' but not the words ''Ingrid'' and the expletive ''it''.<br>~~
	d. The verb ''buy'' can serve as the head of the complement of the control verb ''try'', but the verbs ''rain'' and ''arise'' cannot. In other words, you cannot embed a verb under ''try'' if that verb requires an expletive as its subject.<br>
	~~e. All three verbs ''buy'', ''rain'' and ''arise'' can serve~~ as ~~the head of the complement of the raising verb ''seem''~~.
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	~~<br>~~
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	[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\|'''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7_new\|'''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8\|'''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\|'''Week 9''']]		[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\|'''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7_new\|'''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8\|'''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\|'''Week 9''']] '''Week 10'''
	</div>		</div>
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	[[~~Practical_Grammar_10~~\|'''Week 10''']] '''Week 11'''		[[Practical_Grammar_11\|'''Week 11''']] [[Practical_Grammar_12\|'''Week 12''']]
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Gert at 08:35, 23 January 2023

2023-01-23T08:35:03Z

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	[[Practical_Grammar_10\|'''Week 10''']] '''Week 11''' ~~[[Practical_Grammar_12\|'''Week 12''']]~~		[[Practical_Grammar_10\|'''Week 10''']] '''Week 11'''
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Gert at 12:01, 16 January 2023

2023-01-16T12:01:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:01, 16 January 2023
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	[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\| '''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\| '''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\| '''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\| '''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\| '''Week 6''']] [[~~Practical_Grammar_7~~\| '''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8\| '''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\| '''Week 9''']] ~~'''Week 10'''~~ [[~~Practical_Grammar_11~~\| '''Week 11''']] ~~[[Practical_Grammar_12\|~~ '''~~Project~~''']] [[~~Practical_Grammar_Help~~\| '''~~Help~~''']]		[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\|'''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7_new\|'''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8\|'''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\|'''Week 9''']]
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			[[Practical_Grammar_10\|'''Week 10''']] '''Week 11''' [[Practical_Grammar_12\|'''Week 12''']]
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Gert at 11:51, 16 January 2023

2023-01-16T11:51:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:51, 16 January 2023
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	== ~~Determiner Phrases with possessives ==~~		<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
			<font size="3">

	==~~= Exercise =~~==		== When it rains, it pours ==

	~~In this exercise, you are supposed to add to~~ the grammar ~~(if necessary) the lexical entries and rules to license~~ the following ~~strings~~:		Implement the analysis of weather verbs that is given on p. 107 of the textbook. Your grammar should predict the following facts:

	(1) ~~the car~~<br>		(1) It rained.<br>
	(2) ~~my car<br>~~		(2) *Ingrid rained<br>
	~~(3) Ingrid s<br>~~
	~~(4)~~ Ingrid ~~s car~~<br>

	~~<!--~~		For (1), your grammar should produce the Argument Structure below as the '''only''' grammatical output:
	(3) ~~my new car<br>~~
	~~(4) my shiny new car<br>~~
	~~(5) *Ingrid car<br>~~
	~~(6) Ingrid s car<br>~~
	~~(7) I like my shiny new car<br>~~
	~~(8) I like Ingrid s shiny new car<br>~~
	~~(9) I like my brother s shiny new car<br>~~
	~~(10) I like Ingrid s brother s shiny new car~~
	~~-->~~

	~~Your grammar should output the following representations~~:		[[ File:Rain-AgrSJPG.JPG \| 100px]]

	(1) '''~~the car~~'''~~<br>~~		As (1) shows, weather verbs demand the meaningless form ''it'' as their SUBJ. Such meaningless words are called '''expletives'''. Thus, English has both an expletive ''it'' (= meaningless) and a referential ''it'' (a third person singular pronoun, as in ''I saw it''.

	~~[[File:The-car-csJPG.JPG\|250px]]~~		== Existential sentences ==

	~~[[File~~:~~The-car-fs.JPG\|120px]]~~		English has a second expletive, namely the word ''there'' in sentences like (3):

	~~[[File:The-car.as.JPG\|90px]]~~		(3) There arose a storm<br>

	(2) ~~'''my car'''<br>~~		These sentences are called existential sentences, because they express that an instance of the concept named by the postverbal NP exists or comes about. Sentence (3), for instance, says that a storm came into existence. This can also be expressed by "A storm arose", but (3) stresses the existential aspect more strongly.

	~~[[File:My-car-cs~~.~~JPG\|250px]]~~		Existential sentences require the '''expletive''' ''there'' as a SUBJ, because the existence is expressed by the verb ''arise'' and ''there'' contributes no meaning to the sentence. In this usage, ''there'' is a noun. In its usage as a locative element (which we are not dealing with here), it is an adverb.

	~~[[File~~:~~My-car-fs.JPG\|230px]]~~		From what was said above, the constrast between (3) and (4) follows. Implement these two sentences:

	~~[[File:My-car-as.JPG\|250px]]~~		(4) *Ingrid arose a storm

			Sentence (3) should get a single Argument Structure, namely the following one:

	~~(3) '''Ingrid s'''<br>~~		[[ File:Arose-a-storm-as.JPG \| 340px]]

	~~[[File:Ingrid-s-cs.JPG\|200px]]~~		== Weather verbs and existential verbs in functional control constructions ==

	~~[[File:Ingrid-s-fs~~.~~JPG\|240px]]~~		Now, we are going to test whether your solution to the exercise in Unit 9 and your solutions to the two problems above work together correctly.

	~~[[File~~:~~Ingrid-s-as.JPG\|120px]]~~		Add the following test items to your grammar and parse all items:

			(5) *There bought olives <br>
			(6) *Ingrid rained<br>
			(7) *There rained<br>
			(8) *Ingrid arose a storm<br>
			(9) *It arose a storm<br>
			(10) *It tried to rain<br>
			(11) *There tried to arise a storm<br>
			(12) It seemed to rain<br>
			(13) There seemed to arise a storm

	~~(4) '''Ingrid s car'''<br>~~		The data above together with the data from Unit 9 illustrate the following generalizations:

	~~[[File~~:~~Ingrid-s-car-cs.JPG\|300px]]~~

	~~[[File:Ingrid-s-car-fs.JPG\|310px]]~~

	~~[[File:Ingrid-s-car-as.JPG\|250px]]~~

			a. The verb ''buy'' tolerates as its SUBJ the word ''Ingrid'' but not the expletives ''it'' and ''there''.<br>
			b. The verb ''rain'' tolerates as its SUBJ the expletive ''it'' but not the words ''Ingrid'' and the expletive ''there''.<br>
			c. The verb ''arise'' in its existential use tolerates as its SUBJ the expletive ''there'' but not the words ''Ingrid'' and the expletive ''it''.<br>
			d. The verb ''buy'' can serve as the head of the complement of the control verb ''try'', but the verbs ''rain'' and ''arise'' cannot. In other words, you cannot embed a verb under ''try'' if that verb requires an expletive as its subject.<br>
			e. All three verbs ''buy'', ''rain'' and ''arise'' can serve as the head of the complement of the raising verb ''seem''.
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	[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\| '''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\| '''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\| '''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\| '''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\| '''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7\| '''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8\| '''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\| '''Week 9''']] ~~[[Practical_Grammar_10\|~~ '''Week 10''']] '''Week 11''' [[Practical_Grammar_12\| '''Project''']] [[Practical_Grammar_Help\| '''Help''']]		[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\| '''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\| '''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\| '''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\| '''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\| '''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7\| '''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8\| '''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\| '''Week 9''']] '''Week 10''' [[Practical_Grammar_11\| '''Week 11''']] [[Practical_Grammar_12\| '''Project''']] [[Practical_Grammar_Help\| '''Help''']]
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Gert at 09:57, 16 February 2021

2021-02-16T09:57:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:57, 16 February 2021
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	[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\| '''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\| '''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\| '''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\| '''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\| '''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7\| '''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8\| '''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\| '''Week 9''']] [[Practical_Grammar_10\| '''Week 10''']] Week 11''' [[Practical_Grammar_12\| '''Project''']] [[Practical_Grammar_Help\| '''Help''']]		[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\| '''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\| '''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\| '''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\| '''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\| '''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7\| '''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8\| '''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\| '''Week 9''']] [[Practical_Grammar_10\| '''Week 10''']] '''Week 11''' [[Practical_Grammar_12\| '''Project''']] [[Practical_Grammar_Help\| '''Help''']]
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Gert at 09:37, 16 February 2021

2021-02-16T09:37:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:37, 16 February 2021
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	[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\| '''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\| '''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\| '''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\| '''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\| '''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7\| '''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8\| '''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\| '''Week 9''']] [[Practical_Grammar_10\| '''Week 10''']] Week 11''' [[Practical_Grammar_12\| '''~~Final~~''']] [[Practical_Grammar_Help\| '''Help''']]		[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\| '''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\| '''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\| '''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\| '''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\| '''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7\| '''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8\| '''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\| '''Week 9''']] [[Practical_Grammar_10\| '''Week 10''']] Week 11''' [[Practical_Grammar_12\| '''Project''']] [[Practical_Grammar_Help\| '''Help''']]
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Gert at 09:37, 16 February 2021

2021-02-16T09:37:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:37, 16 February 2021
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	[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\| '''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\| '''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\| '''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\| '''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\| '''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7\| '''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8\| '''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\| '''Week 9''']] [[Practical_Grammar_10\| '''Week 10''']] Week 11''' [[Practical_Grammar_12\|'''Final''']] [[Practical_Grammar_Help\| '''Help''']]		[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\| '''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\| '''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\| '''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\| '''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\| '''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7\| '''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8\| '''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\| '''Week 9''']] [[Practical_Grammar_10\| '''Week 10''']] Week 11''' [[Practical_Grammar_12\| '''Final''']] [[Practical_Grammar_Help\| '''Help''']]
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