Practical Grammar 4 - Revision history

Gert: /* Verbs and VPs */

2025-05-15T07:20:53Z

Verbs and VPs

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:20, 15 May 2025
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	<span style="color: blue>Exercise 4.3</span>		<span style="color: blue>Exercise 4.3</span>
	# Go to <span class="newwin">https://~~xlfg~~.~~labri~~.~~fr/~~</span> and log in.<br>		# Go to <span class="newwin">https://147.210.117.56</span> and log in.<br>

	Then you locate our workshop:		Then you locate our workshop:

Gert: /* The PRED feature */

2025-04-07T11:50:29Z

The PRED feature

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:50, 7 April 2025
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	* Open Grammer 4		* Open Grammer 4
	* Add annotated grammar rules for S, VP, and NP to parse sentences (3)-(4). Do not change the lexicon yet!		* Add annotated grammar rules for S, VP, and NP to parse sentences (3)-(6). Do not change the lexicon yet!
	* Add (9)-(10) as test sentences with their grammaticality status.		* Add (9)-(10) as test sentences with their grammaticality status.
	* Parse.		* Parse.

Gert: /* The PRED feature */

2025-04-07T11:37:49Z

The PRED feature

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:37, 7 April 2025
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	* Add the correct PRED feature to the lexical entries of the verbs.		* Add the correct PRED feature to the lexical entries of the verbs.
	* Parse.		* Parse.
			* Inspect the f-structures of all 4 sentences carefully.

Gert: /* The PRED feature */

2025-04-07T11:36:59Z

The PRED feature

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:36, 7 April 2025
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	<span style="color: blue>Exercise 4.7</span>		<span style="color: blue>Exercise 4.7</span>

	* Open ~~the project~~ Grammer 4		* Open Grammer 4
	* Add annotated grammar rules for S, VP, and NP to parse sentences (3)-(4). Do not change the lexicon yet!		* Add annotated grammar rules for S, VP, and NP to parse sentences (3)-(4). Do not change the lexicon yet!
	* Add (9)-(10) as test sentences with their grammaticality status.		* Add (9)-(10) as test sentences with their grammaticality status.

Gert: /* The PRED feature */

2025-04-07T11:36:37Z

The PRED feature

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:36, 7 April 2025
Line 205:		Line 205:

	* Open the project Grammer 4		* Open the project Grammer 4
	* Add annotated grammar rules for S, VP, and NP to parse sentences (1)-(2). Do not change the lexicon yet!		* Add annotated grammar rules for S, VP, and NP to parse sentences (3)-(4). Do not change the lexicon yet!
	* Add (1)-(4) as test sentences with their grammaticality status.		* Add (9)-(10) as test sentences with their grammaticality status.
	* Parse.		* Parse.
	* Add the correct PRED feature to the lexical entries of the verbs.		* Add the correct PRED feature to the lexical entries of the verbs.

Gert: /* The PRED feature */

2025-04-07T11:35:29Z

The PRED feature

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:35, 7 April 2025
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	'''Valence''' is the representation of the knowledge speakers have about what other kinds of constituents a word needs to combine with. You will remember from traditional grammar the distinction between '''intransitive''' and '''transitive''' verbs. These are just names for those verbs, respectively, which do not need a direct object (i.e. the verb ''disappear'') and those which do (like ''see'').		'''Valence''' is the representation of the knowledge speakers have about what other kinds of constituents a word needs to combine with. You will remember from traditional grammar the distinction between '''intransitive''' and '''transitive''' verbs. These are just names for those verbs, respectively, which do not need a direct object (i.e. the verb ''disappear'') and those which do (like ''see'').

	In Lexical-Functional Grammar, the valence of a word is expressed by the value of its PRED(icate) feature. The PRED features of the 2 verbs ''disappeared'' and ''saw'' are written ~~below~~ the next 2 sentences:		In Lexical-Functional Grammar, the valence of a word is expressed by the value of its PRED(icate) feature. The PRED features of the 2 verbs ''disappeared'' and ''saw'' are written under the next 2 sentences:

	(9) <br>		(9) <br>

Gert: /* The PRED feature */

2025-04-07T11:35:04Z

The PRED feature

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:35, 7 April 2025
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	'''Valence''' is the representation of the knowledge speakers have about what other kinds of constituents a word needs to combine with. You will remember from traditional grammar the distinction between '''intransitive''' and '''transitive''' verbs. These are just names for those verbs, respectively, which do not need a direct object (i.e. the verb ''disappear'') and those which do (like ''see'').		'''Valence''' is the representation of the knowledge speakers have about what other kinds of constituents a word needs to combine with. You will remember from traditional grammar the distinction between '''intransitive''' and '''transitive''' verbs. These are just names for those verbs, respectively, which do not need a direct object (i.e. the verb ''disappear'') and those which do (like ''see'').

	In Lexical-Functional Grammar, the valence of a word is expressed by the value of its PRED(icate) feature:		In Lexical-Functional Grammar, the valence of a word is expressed by the value of its PRED(icate) feature. The PRED features of the 2 verbs ''disappeared'' and ''saw'' are written below the next 2 sentences:

	(3) <br>		(9) <br>
	<span style="color: blue>John</span> disappeared.<br>		<span style="color: blue>John</span> disappeared.<br>
	[PRED   'DISAPPEAR<<span style="color: blue>SUBJ</span>>']<br>		[PRED   'DISAPPEAR<<span style="color: blue>SUBJ</span>>']<br>

	(4) <br>		(10) <br>
	<span style="color: blue>Joe</span> saw <span style="color: red>Fred</span>.<br>		<span style="color: blue>Joe</span> saw <span style="color: red>Fred</span>.<br>
	[PRED   'SEE<<span style="color: blue>SUBJ</span>, <span style="color: red>OBJ</span>>']<br>		[PRED   'SEE<<span style="color: blue>SUBJ</span>, <span style="color: red>OBJ</span>>']<br>

Gert: /* Grammatical functions */

2025-04-07T11:31:58Z

Grammatical functions

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:31, 7 April 2025
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	Look at the f-structures of the 2 ungrammatical sentences		Look at the f-structures of the 2 ungrammatical sentences

	(5) *John disappeared Fred.		(5) *John disappeared Fred.<br>
	(6) *Lilly saw.		(6) *Lilly saw.

Gert: /* Grammatical functions */

2025-04-07T11:31:28Z

Grammatical functions

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:31, 7 April 2025
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	* Now, it is easy to identify the preverbal NP as the '''subject''' of the sentence. Add the required line to the c-structure rule that introduces the subject-NP into the sentence.		* Now, it is easy to identify the preverbal NP as the '''subject''' of the sentence. Add the required line to the c-structure rule that introduces the subject-NP into the sentence.
	* Parse.		* Parse.
			* Inspect the result and interpret it.

			Look at the f-structures of the 2 ungrammatical sentences

			(5) *John disappeared Fred.
			(6) *Lilly saw.

	* Inspect the result and interpret it.		* Inspect the result and interpret it.

Gert: /* Grammatical functions */

2025-04-07T11:29:40Z

Grammatical functions

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:29, 7 April 2025
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	(b) In f-structure, the V is '''the head''' of the VP.<br>		(b) In f-structure, the V is '''the head''' of the VP.<br>
	(c) In f-structure, the NP is the object of the VP (and hence also of the V, since the V and the VP are the same in f-structure).		(c) In f-structure, the NP is the object of the VP (and hence also of the V, since the V and the VP are the same in f-structure).


	* Add line 4 to your current version of Grammar 3.		* Add line 4 to your current version of Grammar 3.
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	<span style="color: blue>Exercise 4.5</span>		<span style="color: blue>Exercise 4.5</span>

	* ~~Add the S rule back~~ to the ~~grammar.~~		* Now, it is easy to identify the preverbal NP as the '''subject''' of the sentence. Add the required line to the c-structure rule that introduces the subject-NP into the sentence.
	* Annotate it as ~~follows:~~

	~~1. S -> NP VP~~
	~~2. {~~
	~~3. (↑ SUBJ) =↓1;~~
	~~4. ↑=↓2;~~
	~~5. }~~

	* In the '''~~Declarations~~''' ~~editor, change~~ the ~~start symbol to "S"~~.
	* Add the ~~test~~ sentence ~~"Lilly broke the bottles"~~.
	* Parse.		* Parse.
	* Inspect the result and interpret it.		* Inspect the result and interpret it.