Practical Grammar 7 - Revision history

Gert: /* The Semantics of PPs expressing locations */

2026-06-16T05:00:45Z

The Semantics of PPs expressing locations

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:00, 16 June 2026
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	[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\|'''Week 6''']] '''Week 7''' '''Week 8''' [[Practical_Grammar_9\|'''Week 9''']]		[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\|'''Week 6''']] '''Week 7''' [[Practical_Grammar_8\|'''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\|'''Week 9''']]
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Gert at 04:57, 16 June 2026

2026-06-16T04:57:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:57, 16 June 2026
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	<span style="color: blue>Exercise 8</span>		<span style="color: blue>Exercise 8</span>

	1. Open Grammar-8<br>		1. Open Grammar 7<br>
	2. Implement the analysis for sentences (1)-(2) as described above.<br>		2. Implement the analysis for sentences (1)-(2) as described above.<br>
	3. Parse.		3. Parse.

Gert: /* The Semantics of PPs expressing locations */

2026-06-15T07:31:18Z

The Semantics of PPs expressing locations

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:31, 15 June 2026
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	[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\|'''Week 6''']] '''Week 7''' '''Week 8''' [[Practical_Grammar_9\|'''Week 9''']]		[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\|'''Week 6''']] '''Week 7''' '''Week 8''' [[Practical_Grammar_9\|'''Week 9''']]
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Gert at 07:30, 15 June 2026

2026-06-15T07:30:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:30, 15 June 2026
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	[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\|'''Week 6''']] '''Week 6''' '''Week 8''' [[Practical_Grammar_9\|'''Week 9''']]		[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\|'''Week 6''']] '''Week 7''' '''Week 8''' [[Practical_Grammar_9\|'''Week 9''']]
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Gert: /* The Semantics of PPs expressing locations */

2026-06-15T07:30:44Z

The Semantics of PPs expressing locations

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:30, 15 June 2026
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	[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\|'''Week 6''']] '''Week 8''' [[Practical_Grammar_9\|'''Week 9''']]		[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\|'''Week 6''']] '''Week 6''' '''Week 8''' [[Practical_Grammar_9\|'''Week 9''']]
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Gert at 07:25, 15 June 2026

2026-06-15T07:25:23Z

← Older revision	Revision as of 07:25, 15 June 2026
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		So far, the arguments of verbs have all been noun phrases (= NPs) like names, pronouns, or Det-N (''the cat'') configurations. But verbs can also take complements of other parts of speech. This week, we will encounter a new case: namely, complements which are prepositional phrases (= PPs).

		== Prepositional Phrases ==

		We want our grammar to generate sentences like the following:

		(1) The cat sat under the table<br>
		(2) Robin put food on the table

		To achieve this, we need

		# lexical items for the new verbs
		# a phrase structure rule that creates PPs from a P and an NP
		# two new phrase structure rules for verb phrases.

		=== The Syntax of PPs ===

		We make the following assumptions about the internal and external syntax of PPs:

		A. The internal structure of the PP

		a. the P is the head of the PP<br>
		b. the NP daughter of the PP bears the grammatical function OBJ

		B. The external relationships of the PP

		a. '''c-structure''': the whole PP is treated as just another daughter of the verb phrase whose head is the verb selecting the PP. Thus, in (1), the VP has two daughters, a V and a PP. In (2), the VP has three daughters, a V, an NP, and a PP.<br>
		b. '''grammatical function''': we will only deal with PPs that express locations, for example ''under the table'' and ''on the table''. Accordingly, the verbs taking the PP as argument assign it the grammatical function '''LOC'''.

		=== The Semantics of PPs expressing locations ===

		We make the following assumptions about the meaning of locational PPs like ''under the table'':

		a. the meaning of the NP ''the table'' is a LANDMARK (= orientation point).<br>
		b. different prepositions take the landmark as a basis and make different locations, depending on the meaning of the preposition. Thus, ''under'' uses the landmark '''the table''' to create the location '''under the table''', whereas ''on'' makes the location '''on the table''' from the same landmark.<br>
		c. sentence (1) then says that the cat is sitting in the location '''under the table''' and sentence (2) says that Robin put the food into the location '''on the table'''.<br>
		d. in accordance with this, the whole PP bears the thematic role LOCATION to the verb, and<br>
		e. the NP object of the preposition bears the thematic role of LANDMARK to the preposition.

		'''Important note''': the Wiki page currently does not allow me to upload pictures. Therefore, I have uploaded '''to Olat''' the file
		Exercise-8-expected-output.pdf
		which gives you the f-structure and the Argument Structure that your grammar should produce for sentences (1) and (2).

		<span style="color: blue>Exercise 8</span>

		1. Open Grammar-8<br>
		2. Implement the analysis for sentences (1)-(2) as described above.<br>
		3. Parse.
		<br>

		<div align="center">
		[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\|'''Week 6''']] '''Week 8''' [[Practical_Grammar_9\|'''Week 9''']]
		</div>

Gert: Blanked the page

2026-06-15T07:24:02Z

Blanked the page

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	~~#REDIRECT [[Practical Grammar 7 - old]]~~

Gert: Gert moved page Practical Grammar 7 to Practical Grammar 7 - old

2025-07-16T08:07:55Z

Gert moved page Practical Grammar 7 to Practical Grammar 7 - old

New page

#REDIRECT [[Practical Grammar 7 - old]]