Practical Grammar 9 - Revision history

Gert: /* C Selection for particular forms as SUBJ */

2026-07-14T08:12:47Z

C Selection for particular forms as SUBJ

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:12, 14 July 2026
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	[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\|'''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7\|'''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8\|'''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\|'''Week 9''']]		[[Practical_Grammar \|'''Main page''']] [[Practical_Grammar_2\|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3\|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4\|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5\|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6\|'''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7\|'''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8\|'''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9\|'''Week 9''']] [[Practical_Grammar_10\|'''Week 10''']]
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Gert at 09:42, 7 July 2026

2026-07-07T09:42:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:42, 7 July 2026
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	Meaningful items are marked ['''FORM:none'''].		Meaningful items are marked ['''FORM:none'''].

	2. The completeness and coherence conditions assume that all the grammatical functions in a verb's PRED value are assigned a thematic role. For the subjects of weather and existential verbs, however, that is precisely not the case. Therefore, these subjects have to be listed outside the verb's PRED value. The PRED value of ''rain'', for instance, will then be: ['''PRED:'RAIN<>SUBJ''''] . Since ''rain'' has no meaningful dependent, the brackets after its meaning stay empty. The non-semantic subject is then listed after the brackets.		2. The completeness and coherence conditions assume that all the grammatical functions in a verb's PRED value are assigned a thematic role. For the subjects of weather and existential verbs, however, that is precisely not the case. Therefore, these subjects have to be listed outside the verb's PRED value. The PRED value of ''rain'', for instance, will then be: ['''PRED:'RAIN<>SUBJ'''']. Since ''rain'' has no meaningful dependent, the brackets after its meaning stay empty. The non-semantic subject is then listed after the brackets.

	With this, we have all the pieces in place for the next excercise.		With this, we have all the pieces in place for the next excercise.

Gert at 09:42, 7 July 2026

2026-07-07T09:42:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:42, 7 July 2026
Line 48:		Line 48:
	Meaningful items are marked ['''FORM:none'''].		Meaningful items are marked ['''FORM:none'''].

	2. The completeness and coherence conditions assume that all the grammatical functions in a verb's PRED value are assigned a thematic role. For the subjects of weather and existential verbs, however, that is precisely not the case. Therefore, these subjects have to be listed outside the verb's PRED value. The PRED value of ''rain'', for instance, will then be: ['''PRED:'RAIN'<>SUBJ''''] . Since ''rain'' has no meaningful dependent, the brackets after its meaning stay empty. The non-semantic subject is then listed after the brackets.		2. The completeness and coherence conditions assume that all the grammatical functions in a verb's PRED value are assigned a thematic role. For the subjects of weather and existential verbs, however, that is precisely not the case. Therefore, these subjects have to be listed outside the verb's PRED value. The PRED value of ''rain'', for instance, will then be: ['''PRED:'RAIN<>SUBJ''''] . Since ''rain'' has no meaningful dependent, the brackets after its meaning stay empty. The non-semantic subject is then listed after the brackets.

	With this, we have all the pieces in place for the next excercise.		With this, we have all the pieces in place for the next excercise.

Gert at 03:49, 7 July 2026

2026-07-07T03:49:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:49, 7 July 2026
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	'''Important note''': the Wiki page currently does not allow me to upload pictures. Therefore, I have uploaded '''to Olat''' the file		'''Important note''': the Wiki page currently does not allow me to upload pictures. Therefore, I have uploaded '''to Olat''' the file
	Exercise-11-expected-output.pdf		Exercise-11-expected-output.pdf
	which ~~gives you~~ the ~~output~~ structures that your grammar should produce for sentences (5)-(13).		which presents the structures that your grammar should produce for sentences (5)-(13).

Gert at 03:48, 7 July 2026

2026-07-07T03:48:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:48, 7 July 2026
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	(8) it rained<br>		(8) it rained<br>
	(10) *Ingrid rained<br>		(9) *Ingrid rained<br>
	(7) *there rained<br>		(10) *there rained<br>

	(11) there arose a storm<br>		(11) there arose a storm<br>
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	Note: in ''there arose a storm'', assume '''''there'' = SUBJ''' and '''''a storm'' = OBJ'''.		Note: in ''there arose a storm'', assume '''''there'' = SUBJ''' and '''''a storm'' = OBJ'''.


			'''Important note''': the Wiki page currently does not allow me to upload pictures. Therefore, I have uploaded '''to Olat''' the file
			Exercise-11-expected-output.pdf
			which gives you the output structures that your grammar should produce for sentences (5)-(13).


	<!--		<!--

Gert: /* C Selection for particular forms as SUBJ */

2026-06-23T09:32:59Z

C Selection for particular forms as SUBJ

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:32, 23 June 2026
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	(13) *it arose a storm<br>		(13) *it arose a storm<br>

	Note: in ''there arose a storm'', assume ''there'' = SUBJ and ''a storm'' = OBJ.		Note: in ''there arose a storm'', assume '''''there'' = SUBJ''' and '''''a storm'' = OBJ'''.

	<!--		<!--

Gert: /* C Selection for particular forms as SUBJ */

2026-06-23T09:32:17Z

C Selection for particular forms as SUBJ

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:32, 23 June 2026
Line 44:		Line 44:
	1. FORM values for meaningless ''it'' and ''there''. The problem is that weather verbs ONLY tolerate the meaningless ''it'' as a subject and existential verbs ONLY the meaningless ''there''. But, how can these verbs tell these two meaningless items apart? The answer is that we need to give these two nouns functional information that the verb can selects. This is what the new FORM feature is for.		1. FORM values for meaningless ''it'' and ''there''. The problem is that weather verbs ONLY tolerate the meaningless ''it'' as a subject and existential verbs ONLY the meaningless ''there''. But, how can these verbs tell these two meaningless items apart? The answer is that we need to give these two nouns functional information that the verb can selects. This is what the new FORM feature is for.
	Lexical entries:		Lexical entries:
	''it'' is marked [FORM:it] and		''it'' is marked ['''FORM:it'''] and
	''there'' is marked [FORM:there].		''there'' is marked ['''FORM:there'''].
	Meaningful items are marked [FORM:none].		Meaningful items are marked ['''FORM:none'''].

	2. The completeness and coherence conditions assume that all the grammatical functions in a verb's PRED value are assigned a thematic role. For the subjects of weather and existential verbs, however, that is precisely not the case. Therefore, these subjects have to be listed outside the verb's PRED value. The PRED value of ''rain'', for instance, will then be: [PRED:'RAIN'<>SUBJ'] . Since ''rain'' has no meaningful dependent, the brackets after its meaning stay empty. The non-semantic subject is then listed after the brackets.		2. The completeness and coherence conditions assume that all the grammatical functions in a verb's PRED value are assigned a thematic role. For the subjects of weather and existential verbs, however, that is precisely not the case. Therefore, these subjects have to be listed outside the verb's PRED value. The PRED value of ''rain'', for instance, will then be: ['''PRED:'RAIN'<>SUBJ''''] . Since ''rain'' has no meaningful dependent, the brackets after its meaning stay empty. The non-semantic subject is then listed after the brackets.

	With this, we have all the pieces in place for the next excercise.		With this, we have all the pieces in place for the next excercise.

Gert: /* C Selection for particular forms as SUBJ */

2026-06-23T09:31:25Z

C Selection for particular forms as SUBJ

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:31, 23 June 2026
Line 71:		Line 71:
	(13) *it arose a storm<br>		(13) *it arose a storm<br>

	Note: in ''there arose a storm'', assume ''there''= SUBJ and ''a storm'' = OBJ.		Note: in ''there arose a storm'', assume ''there'' = SUBJ and ''a storm'' = OBJ.

	<!--		<!--

Gert: /* C Selection for particular forms as SUBJ */

2026-06-23T09:30:43Z

C Selection for particular forms as SUBJ

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:30, 23 June 2026
Line 70:		Line 70:
	(12) *Ingrid arose a storm<br>		(12) *Ingrid arose a storm<br>
	(13) *it arose a storm<br>		(13) *it arose a storm<br>

			Note: in ''there arose a storm'', assume ''there''= SUBJ and ''a storm'' = OBJ.

	<!--		<!--

Gert at 09:28, 23 June 2026

2026-06-23T09:28:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:28, 23 June 2026
Line 43:		Line 43:

	1. FORM values for meaningless ''it'' and ''there''. The problem is that weather verbs ONLY tolerate the meaningless ''it'' as a subject and existential verbs ONLY the meaningless ''there''. But, how can these verbs tell these two meaningless items apart? The answer is that we need to give these two nouns functional information that the verb can selects. This is what the new FORM feature is for.		1. FORM values for meaningless ''it'' and ''there''. The problem is that weather verbs ONLY tolerate the meaningless ''it'' as a subject and existential verbs ONLY the meaningless ''there''. But, how can these verbs tell these two meaningless items apart? The answer is that we need to give these two nouns functional information that the verb can selects. This is what the new FORM feature is for.
	~~In their lexical~~ entries:		Lexical entries:
	''it'' is marked [FORM:it] and		''it'' is marked [FORM:it] and
	''there'' is marked [FORM:there].		''there'' is marked [FORM:there].