Syntax 1 Wiki: Week 1 - Revision history

Gert: /* Exercise on finding constituents */

2023-10-23T12:12:45Z

Exercise on finding constituents

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:12, 23 October 2023
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	Determine the constituency of the bracketed expressions in the following sentences. Use only the following syntactic categories: S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D.		Determine the constituency of the bracketed expressions in the following sentences. Use only the following syntactic categories: S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D.

	(1) ~~John~~ [~~disappeared].<br>~~		(1) [The bottle] [broke].<br>
	~~(2)~~ The bottle [broke].<br>		(2) Joe [saw Fred].<br>
	(~~3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].<br>~~		(3) Alice [broke the bottle].<br>
	~~(4) Fred [talks about Chicago].<br>~~		(4) Martha [stayed at the hospital].<br>
	~~(5) Robert [went to the hospital].<br>~~		(5) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].<br>
	~~(6) Alice [moved into the room].<br>~~		(6) John [sent Martha a check].
	(7) Joe [saw Fred].<br>
	(8) Alice [broke the bottle].<br>
	(9) We [~~moved it into~~ the ~~room~~].<br>
	(10) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].<br>
	(11) John [sent Martha a check].~~<br>~~
	~~(12) We [gave Fred a wastebasket].<br>~~

	=== Task for Week 2 ===		=== Task for Week 2 ===

Gert: /* Exercise on finding constituents */

2023-10-23T12:10:46Z

Exercise on finding constituents

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:10, 23 October 2023
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	(1) John [disappeared].<br>		(1) John [disappeared].<br>
	(2) The bottle [broke].<br>		(2) The bottle [broke].<br>
	(3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].		(3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].<br>
	(4) Fred [talks about Chicago].		(4) Fred [talks about Chicago].<br>
	(5) Robert [went to the hospital].		(5) Robert [went to the hospital].<br>
	(6) Alice [moved into the room].		(6) Alice [moved into the room].<br>
	(7) Joe [saw Fred].		(7) Joe [saw Fred].<br>
	(8) Alice [broke the bottle].		(8) Alice [broke the bottle].<br>
	(9) We [moved it into the room].		(9) We [moved it into the room].<br>
	(10) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].		(10) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].<br>
	(11) John [sent Martha a check].		(11) John [sent Martha a check].<br>
	(12) We [gave Fred a wastebasket].		(12) We [gave Fred a wastebasket].<br>




	=== Task for Week 2 ===		=== Task for Week 2 ===

Gert at 12:10, 23 October 2023

2023-10-23T12:10:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:10, 23 October 2023
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	Determine the constituency of the bracketed expressions in the following sentences. Use only the following syntactic categories: S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D.		Determine the constituency of the bracketed expressions in the following sentences. Use only the following syntactic categories: S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D.

	(1) John [disappeared].		(1) John [disappeared].<br>
	(2) The bottle [broke].		(2) The bottle [broke].<br>
	(3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].		(3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].
	(4) Fred [talks about Chicago].		(4) Fred [talks about Chicago].

Gert: /* The English Language and its Grammar */

2023-10-23T12:09:08Z

The English Language and its Grammar

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	thousands of words of English and the 100+ phrase structure rules of the		thousands of words of English and the 100+ phrase structure rules of the
	language.		language.

			=== Exercise on finding constituents ===

			Determine the constituency of the bracketed expressions in the following sentences. Use only the following syntactic categories: S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D.

			(1) John [disappeared].
			(2) The bottle [broke].
			(3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].
			(4) Fred [talks about Chicago].
			(5) Robert [went to the hospital].
			(6) Alice [moved into the room].
			(7) Joe [saw Fred].
			(8) Alice [broke the bottle].
			(9) We [moved it into the room].
			(10) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].
			(11) John [sent Martha a check].
			(12) We [gave Fred a wastebasket].

Gert at 09:16, 11 April 2022

2022-04-11T09:16:18Z

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	phrase structure rules. "X<sub>L</sub>" is a lexical local tree and "X<sub>n</sub>" a non-local lexical tree with subscript "n".<br>		phrase structure rules. "X<sub>L</sub>" is a lexical local tree and "X<sub>n</sub>" a non-local lexical tree with subscript "n".<br>
	[[File:Ex8 phrase structure tree.PNG\|500px]]<br>		[[File:Ex8 phrase structure tree.PNG\|500px]]<br>
	And, since the English grammar licenses this tree, its word string <~~span~~ style="color:blue;">The cat		And, since the English grammar licenses this tree, its word string <i style="color:blue;">The cat
	likes Mary</~~span~~> is a grammatical expression of English. And the same for every		likes Mary</i> is a grammatical expression of English. And the same for every
	other one of the infinitely many word strings which native speakers accept		other one of the infinitely many word strings which native speakers accept
	as grammatical English!<br>		as grammatical English!<br>

Gert: /* The English Language and its Grammar */

2022-04-11T09:15:23Z

The English Language and its Grammar

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	a category X. But, English has no such phrase structure rule! Therefore,		a category X. But, English has no such phrase structure rule! Therefore,
	the English grammar does not license a phrase structure tree for the string		the English grammar does not license a phrase structure tree for the string
	<i style="color:blue;">cat the likes Mary</i>, which explains why speakers of English regard it as		<i style="color:blue;">*cat the likes Mary</i>, which explains why speakers of English regard it as
	ungrammatical. The same for all the infinitely many strings of words which		ungrammatical. The same for all the infinitely many strings of words which
	are ungrammatical in English!		are ungrammatical in English!

Gert at 09:14, 11 April 2022

2022-04-11T09:14:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:14, 11 April 2022
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	as grammatical English!<br>		as grammatical English!<br>

	18. Contrast this with the word string <i>*cat the likes Mary</i> which native		18. Contrast this with the word string <i style="color:blue;">*cat the likes Mary</i> which native
	speakers of English do not regard as part of their language. In order to draw		speakers of English do not regard as part of their language. In order to draw
	a phrase structure tree for this string,<br>		a phrase structure tree for this string,<br>
Line 280:		Line 280:
	a category X. But, English has no such phrase structure rule! Therefore,		a category X. But, English has no such phrase structure rule! Therefore,
	the English grammar does not license a phrase structure tree for the string		the English grammar does not license a phrase structure tree for the string
	<i>cat the likes Mary</i>, which explains why speakers of English regard it as		<i style="color:blue;">cat the likes Mary</i>, which explains why speakers of English regard it as
	ungrammatical. The same for all the infinitely many strings of words which		ungrammatical. The same for all the infinitely many strings of words which
	are ungrammatical in English!		are ungrammatical in English!

Gert at 09:12, 11 April 2022

2022-04-11T09:12:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:12, 11 April 2022
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	phrase structure rules. "X<sub>L</sub>" is a lexical local tree and "X<sub>n</sub>" a non-local lexical tree with subscript "n".<br>		phrase structure rules. "X<sub>L</sub>" is a lexical local tree and "X<sub>n</sub>" a non-local lexical tree with subscript "n".<br>
	[[File:Ex8 phrase structure tree.PNG\|500px]]<br>		[[File:Ex8 phrase structure tree.PNG\|500px]]<br>
	And, since the English grammar licenses this tree, its word string <span ~~color~~="blue">The cat		And, since the English grammar licenses this tree, its word string <span style="color:blue;">The cat
	likes Mary</span> is a grammatical expression of English. And the same for every		likes Mary</span> is a grammatical expression of English. And the same for every
	other one of the infinitely many word strings which native speakers accept		other one of the infinitely many word strings which native speakers accept

Gert at 09:11, 11 April 2022

2022-04-11T09:11:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:11, 11 April 2022
Line 261:		Line 261:
	phrase structure rules. "X<sub>L</sub>" is a lexical local tree and "X<sub>n</sub>" a non-local lexical tree with subscript "n".<br>		phrase structure rules. "X<sub>L</sub>" is a lexical local tree and "X<sub>n</sub>" a non-local lexical tree with subscript "n".<br>
	[[File:Ex8 phrase structure tree.PNG\|500px]]<br>		[[File:Ex8 phrase structure tree.PNG\|500px]]<br>
	And, since the English grammar licenses this tree, its word string The cat		And, since the English grammar licenses this tree, its word string <span color="blue">The cat
	likes Mary is a grammatical expression of English. And the same for every		likes Mary</span> is a grammatical expression of English. And the same for every
	other one of the infinitely many word strings which native speakers accept		other one of the infinitely many word strings which native speakers accept
	as grammatical English!<br>		as grammatical English!<br>

Gert: /* The English Language and its Grammar */

2022-04-11T09:09:30Z

The English Language and its Grammar

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:09, 11 April 2022
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	is licensed by the grammar of English, because it is completely composed		is licensed by the grammar of English, because it is completely composed
	of local trees that are either licensed by the English lexicon or the English		of local trees that are either licensed by the English lexicon or the English
	phrase structure rules. "X<sub>L</sub>" is a lexical local tree and "X<sub>n<sub>" a non-local lexical tree with subscript "n".<br>		phrase structure rules. "X<sub>L</sub>" is a lexical local tree and "X<sub>n</sub>" a non-local lexical tree with subscript "n".<br>
	[[File:Ex8 phrase structure tree.PNG\|500px]]<br>		[[File:Ex8 phrase structure tree.PNG\|500px]]<br>
	And, since the English grammar licenses this tree, its word string The cat		And, since the English grammar licenses this tree, its word string The cat