Modifiers (Adjuncts): Difference between revisions
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<b>Test for identifying modifiers in English</b> | |||
Test for identifying modifiers in English | <ul> | ||
A modifier does not behave like a complement, i.e. it is | <li>A modifier (<b>Mod</b>) does not behave like a complement, i.e. it is | ||
semantically more autonomous, i.e. it makes the same meaning contribution independent of the predicate it combines with. | semantically more autonomous, i.e. it makes the same meaning contribution independent of the predicate it combines with.</li> | ||
syntactically optional | <li>syntactically optional</li> | ||
can be used with a pro-VP form such as do so: | <li>can be used with a pro-VP form such as do so:</li> | ||
John read a book in the library and Mary did so at home. | <code>John read a book [in the library]<b>Mod</b> and Mary did so [at home]<b>Mod</b>.</code> | ||
typical examples: | <li>typical examples:</li> | ||
temporal modifiers: at night, after the party | <code>temporal modifiers: at night, after the party,...</code><br> | ||
locative modifiers: at home, in the library | <code>locative modifiers: at home, in the library,...</code><br> | ||
... | ...<br> | ||
Categories and structural position | </ul> | ||
Modifiers are usually PPs, AdvPs or clauses introduced by a subordinate conjunction. | <b>Categories and structural position</b> | ||
Modifiers are sisters of VP and dominated by a VP; they are not sisters of complements. | <ul> | ||
In English, modifiers normally do not stand between the verb and its complement(s). | <li>Modifiers are usually <b>PPs</b>, <b>AdvPs</b> or <b>clauses</b> introduced by a subordinate conjunction.</li> | ||
<li><b>Modifiers are sisters of VP and dominated by a VP; they are not sisters of complements.</b></li> | |||
<li>In English, modifiers normally do not stand between the verb and its complement(s).</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
Example: | Example: | ||
___S____ | ___S____ | ||
| Line 30: | Line 33: | ||
/__\ | | /_____\ /_____________\ /______\ | /__\ | | /_____\ /_____________\ /______\ | ||
Pat will wait for Kim at the bus stop tonight. | Pat will wait for Kim at the bus stop tonight. | ||
<br><br> | |||
# [[Predicate | The predicate]]<br> | |||
# [[Subject | The subject]]<br> | |||
# [[Complements | The complements]]<br> | |||
## [[Direct_Object | The direct object]]<br> | |||
## [[Indirect_Object | The indirect object]]<br> | |||
## [[Predicate_Complement | The predicative complement]]<br> | |||
## [[Oblique_Complement | The oblique complement]]<br> | |||
# [[Modifiers_(Adjuncts) | Modifiers (Adjuncts)]]<br> | |||
<br> | |||
<br> | |||
<div align="center"> | |||
[[Oblique_Complement| ← '''Oblique Complement''']] [[Grammatical_Functions | ↑ '''Grammatical Functions''']] | |||
</div> | |||
Latest revision as of 15:54, 17 May 2019
Test for identifying modifiers in English
- A modifier (Mod) does not behave like a complement, i.e. it is semantically more autonomous, i.e. it makes the same meaning contribution independent of the predicate it combines with.
- syntactically optional
- can be used with a pro-VP form such as do so:
- typical examples:
John read a book [in the library]Mod and Mary did so [at home]Mod.
temporal modifiers: at night, after the party,...locative modifiers: at home, in the library,......
Categories and structural position
- Modifiers are usually PPs, AdvPs or clauses introduced by a subordinate conjunction.
- Modifiers are sisters of VP and dominated by a VP; they are not sisters of complements.
- In English, modifiers normally do not stand between the verb and its complement(s).
Example:
___S____
/ \
/ ____AuxP___
/ / \
/ / _____VP_____
/ / / \
/ / ___VP____ \
/ / / \ mod
subj / VP \ \
/ / / \ mod \
/ / / obl.comp \ \
/ / / | \ \
NP Aux V _PP__ ______PP_____ _AdvP_
/__\ | | /_____\ /_____________\ /______\
Pat will wait for Kim at the bus stop tonight.