Practical Grammar: Difference between revisions
| (76 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
= | <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> | ||
<font size="3"> | |||
<!-- | |||
== Textbook == | |||
Throughout the course, we will use the following textbook: | |||
<span class="newwin">[https://www.amazon.de/Lexical-Functional-Grammar-Introduction-Kersti-B%C3%B6rjars/dp/1316621650/ref=sr_1_1?__mk_de_DE=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&crid=3FCUE2E4TBUCZ&keywords=b%C3%B6rjars+grammar&qid=1666008387&qu=eyJxc2MiOiIxLjUyIiwicXNhIjoiMC4wMCIsInFzcCI6IjAuMDAifQ%3D%3D&sprefix=b%C3%B6rjars+grammar%2Caps%2C73&sr=8-1 Börjars et al. (2019)]</span> | |||
=== | Please buy a copy of the book as quickly as possible! | ||
--> | |||
== Review == | |||
If you need a review on parts of speech and phrases, then follow these links: | |||
* [[https://www.english-linguistics.de/grammarparadise/wiki/index.php/Words Words]] | |||
* [[https://www.english-linguistics.de/grammarparadise/wiki/index.php/Phrases Phrases]] | |||
== <span style="color: blue>Exercise 1.1</span> == | |||
=== Sentences === | |||
(1) John [disappeared].<br> | |||
(2) the bottle [broke].<br> | |||
(3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].<br> | |||
(4) Fred [talks about Chicago].<br> | |||
(5) Robert [went to the hospital].<br> | |||
(6) Alice [moved into the room].<br> | |||
(7) Joe [saw Fred].<br> | |||
(8) Alice [broke the bottle].<br> | |||
(9) we [moved it into the room].<br> | |||
(10) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].<br> | |||
(11) John [sent Martha a check].<br> | |||
(12) we [gave Fred a wastebasket]. | |||
=== Syntactic Categories === | |||
S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D | |||
=== Phrase Structure Rules === | |||
A phrase structure rule is well formed, if it is of one of the following forms | |||
C<sub>0</sub> -> C<sub>1</sub><br> | |||
C<sub>0</sub> -> C<sub>1</sub> C<sub>2</sub><br> | |||
C<sub>0</sub> -> C<sub>1</sub> C<sub>2</sub> C<sub>3</sub> | |||
and each C is one of the categories listed above. | |||
=== The S rule === | |||
S -> NP VP | |||
=== Exercise 1 Find constituents === | |||
Determine the constituency of the bracketed expressions in the following sentences. Use only the following syntactic categories: S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D. | |||
(1) the bottle [broke].<br> | |||
(2) Joe [saw Fred].<br> | |||
(3) Alice [broke the bottle].<br> | |||
(4) Martha [stayed at the hospital].<br> | |||
(5) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].<br> | |||
(6) John [sent Martha a check]. | |||
=== Exercise 2 Draw trees === | |||
Using only the syntactic categories listed above, | |||
a. draw plausible phrase structure trees for the odd-numbered sentences. Assume that the bracketed expressions are VPs.<br> | |||
Draw the trees with the program at the following website: | |||
<span class="newwin">[http://www.ironcreek.net/syntaxtree/ jsSyntaxTree]</span> | |||
Example: to draw a tree for sentence (12) above, paste the following line into the textfield of jsSyntaxTree: | |||
* [S [NP [N We]] [VP [V gave] [NP [N Fred]] [NP [D a] [N wastebasket]]]] | |||
Download each tree by clicking on it. | |||
b. Write the phrase structure rules needed to license the trees you drew. | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> | |||
<font size="2"> | |||
<div align="center"> | |||
'''Main page''' [[Practical_Grammar_2|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6|'''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7_new|'''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8|'''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9|'''Week 9''']] | |||
</div> | |||
Latest revision as of 11:49, 31 October 2023
Review
If you need a review on parts of speech and phrases, then follow these links:
Exercise 1.1
Sentences
(1) John [disappeared].
(2) the bottle [broke].
(3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].
(4) Fred [talks about Chicago].
(5) Robert [went to the hospital].
(6) Alice [moved into the room].
(7) Joe [saw Fred].
(8) Alice [broke the bottle].
(9) we [moved it into the room].
(10) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].
(11) John [sent Martha a check].
(12) we [gave Fred a wastebasket].
Syntactic Categories
S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D
Phrase Structure Rules
A phrase structure rule is well formed, if it is of one of the following forms
C0 -> C1
C0 -> C1 C2
C0 -> C1 C2 C3
and each C is one of the categories listed above.
The S rule
S -> NP VP
Exercise 1 Find constituents
Determine the constituency of the bracketed expressions in the following sentences. Use only the following syntactic categories: S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D.
(1) the bottle [broke].
(2) Joe [saw Fred].
(3) Alice [broke the bottle].
(4) Martha [stayed at the hospital].
(5) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].
(6) John [sent Martha a check].
Exercise 2 Draw trees
Using only the syntactic categories listed above,
a. draw plausible phrase structure trees for the odd-numbered sentences. Assume that the bracketed expressions are VPs.
Draw the trees with the program at the following website:
Example: to draw a tree for sentence (12) above, paste the following line into the textfield of jsSyntaxTree:
- [S [NP [N We]] [VP [V gave] [NP [N Fred]] [NP [D a] [N wastebasket]]]]
Download each tree by clicking on it.
b. Write the phrase structure rules needed to license the trees you drew.