Practical Grammar: Difference between revisions
(→Task) |
|||
| (43 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
= | <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> | ||
<font size="3"> | |||
<!-- | |||
== Textbook == | |||
Throughout the course, we will use the following textbook: | |||
<span class="newwin">[https://www.amazon.de/Lexical-Functional-Grammar-Introduction-Kersti-B%C3%B6rjars/dp/1316621650/ref=sr_1_1?__mk_de_DE=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&crid=3FCUE2E4TBUCZ&keywords=b%C3%B6rjars+grammar&qid=1666008387&qu=eyJxc2MiOiIxLjUyIiwicXNhIjoiMC4wMCIsInFzcCI6IjAuMDAifQ%3D%3D&sprefix=b%C3%B6rjars+grammar%2Caps%2C73&sr=8-1 Börjars et al. (2019)]</span> | |||
== | Please buy a copy of the book as quickly as possible! | ||
--> | |||
== Review == | |||
[https://www.english-linguistics.de/grammarparadise/wiki/index.php | If you need a review on parts of speech and phrases, then follow these links: | ||
* [[https://www.english-linguistics.de/grammarparadise/wiki/index.php/Words Words]] | |||
* [[https://www.english-linguistics.de/grammarparadise/wiki/index.php/Phrases Phrases]] | |||
== | == <span style="color: blue>Exercise 1.1</span> == | ||
=== Sentences === | === Sentences === | ||
(1) John [disappeared].<br> | (1) John [disappeared].<br> | ||
(2) | (2) the bottle [broke].<br> | ||
(3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].<br> | (3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].<br> | ||
(4) Fred [ | (4) Fred [talks about Chicago].<br> | ||
(5) Robert [went to the hospital].<br> | (5) Robert [went to the hospital].<br> | ||
(6) Alice [moved into the room].<br> | (6) Alice [moved into the room].<br> | ||
(7) Joe [saw Fred].<br> | (7) Joe [saw Fred].<br> | ||
(8) Alice [broke the bottle].<br> | (8) Alice [broke the bottle].<br> | ||
(9) | (9) we [moved it into the room].<br> | ||
(10) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].<br> | (10) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].<br> | ||
(11) John [sent Martha a check].<br> | (11) John [sent Martha a check].<br> | ||
(12) | (12) we [gave Fred a wastebasket]. | ||
=== Syntactic Categories === | === Syntactic Categories === | ||
| Line 49: | Line 53: | ||
S -> NP VP | S -> NP VP | ||
=== | === Exercise 1 Find constituents === | ||
Determine the constituency of the bracketed expressions in the following sentences. Use only the following syntactic categories: S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D. | |||
(1) the bottle [broke].<br> | |||
(2) Joe [saw Fred].<br> | |||
(3) Alice [broke the bottle].<br> | |||
(4) Martha [stayed at the hospital].<br> | |||
(5) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].<br> | |||
(6) John [sent Martha a check]. | |||
=== Exercise 2 Draw trees === | |||
Using only the syntactic categories listed above, | Using only the syntactic categories listed above, | ||
a. draw plausible phrase structure trees for the odd-numbered sentences. Assume that the bracketed expressions are VPs.<br> | a. draw plausible phrase structure trees for the odd-numbered sentences. Assume that the bracketed expressions are VPs.<br> | ||
b. Write the phrase structure rules needed to license the | |||
Draw the trees with the program at the following website: | |||
<span class="newwin">[http://www.ironcreek.net/syntaxtree/ jsSyntaxTree]</span> | |||
Example: to draw a tree for sentence (12) above, paste the following line into the textfield of jsSyntaxTree: | |||
* [S [NP [N We]] [VP [V gave] [NP [N Fred]] [NP [D a] [N wastebasket]]]] | |||
Download each tree by clicking on it. | |||
b. Write the phrase structure rules needed to license the trees you drew. | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> | |||
<font size="2"> | |||
<div align="center"> | <div align="center"> | ||
'''Main page''' [[Practical_Grammar_2|'''Week 2''']] [[Practical_Grammar_3|'''Week 3''']] [[Practical_Grammar_4|'''Week 4''']] [[Practical_Grammar_5|'''Week 5''']] [[Practical_Grammar_6|'''Week 6''']] [[Practical_Grammar_7_new|'''Week 7''']] [[Practical_Grammar_8|'''Week 8''']] [[Practical_Grammar_9|'''Week 9''']] | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
Latest revision as of 11:49, 31 October 2023
Review
If you need a review on parts of speech and phrases, then follow these links:
Exercise 1.1
Sentences
(1) John [disappeared].
(2) the bottle [broke].
(3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].
(4) Fred [talks about Chicago].
(5) Robert [went to the hospital].
(6) Alice [moved into the room].
(7) Joe [saw Fred].
(8) Alice [broke the bottle].
(9) we [moved it into the room].
(10) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].
(11) John [sent Martha a check].
(12) we [gave Fred a wastebasket].
Syntactic Categories
S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D
Phrase Structure Rules
A phrase structure rule is well formed, if it is of one of the following forms
C0 -> C1
C0 -> C1 C2
C0 -> C1 C2 C3
and each C is one of the categories listed above.
The S rule
S -> NP VP
Exercise 1 Find constituents
Determine the constituency of the bracketed expressions in the following sentences. Use only the following syntactic categories: S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D.
(1) the bottle [broke].
(2) Joe [saw Fred].
(3) Alice [broke the bottle].
(4) Martha [stayed at the hospital].
(5) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].
(6) John [sent Martha a check].
Exercise 2 Draw trees
Using only the syntactic categories listed above,
a. draw plausible phrase structure trees for the odd-numbered sentences. Assume that the bracketed expressions are VPs.
Draw the trees with the program at the following website:
Example: to draw a tree for sentence (12) above, paste the following line into the textfield of jsSyntaxTree:
- [S [NP [N We]] [VP [V gave] [NP [N Fred]] [NP [D a] [N wastebasket]]]]
Download each tree by clicking on it.
b. Write the phrase structure rules needed to license the trees you drew.