Practical Grammar: Difference between revisions

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== Description ==
In this practical course, you will learn how to teach your laptop the basic grammatical structures of English. For this purpose, we will use software that was developed here at Goethe University. The software is completely free of charge and it runs on all Windows, Mac OS, and Linux computers. (After the course, you may keep the software.)
The program is completely visual. If you can use a text processor or an email program, then you will be able to learn this software easily! No further computer skills are necessary and we will not be doing any kind of programming.
The purpose of the course is for you to learn the basics of English grammar in a fun and interactive way, in an environment that you control and can use any time you want.
Students should bring their laptop to the first class.
== Course and Module Requirements ==
[https://www.english-linguistics.de/grammarparadise/wiki/index.php?title=Practical_Grammar_Course_requirements/ Follow this link]
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== Textbook ==
== Textbook ==


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Please buy a copy of the book as quickly as possible!
Please buy a copy of the book as quickly as possible!
 
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== Review ==
== Review ==


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(1) John [disappeared].<br>
(1) John [disappeared].<br>
(2) The bottle [broke].<br>
(2) the bottle [broke].<br>
(3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].<br>
(3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].<br>
(4) Fred [talks about Chicago].<br>
(4) Fred [talks about Chicago].<br>
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(7) Joe [saw Fred].<br>
(7) Joe [saw Fred].<br>
(8) Alice [broke the bottle].<br>
(8) Alice [broke the bottle].<br>
(9) We [moved it into the room].<br>
(9) we [moved it into the room].<br>
(10) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].<br>
(10) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].<br>
(11) John [sent Martha a check].<br>
(11) John [sent Martha a check].<br>
(12) We [gave Fred a wastebasket].
(12) we [gave Fred a wastebasket].


=== Syntactic Categories ===
=== Syntactic Categories ===
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S -> NP VP
S -> NP VP


=== Task ===
=== Exercise 1 Find constituents ===
 
Determine the constituency of the bracketed expressions in the following sentences. Use only the following syntactic categories: S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D.
 
(1) the bottle [broke].<br>
(2) Joe [saw Fred].<br>
(3) Alice [broke the bottle].<br>
(4) Martha [stayed at the hospital].<br>
(5) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].<br>
(6) John [sent Martha a check].
 
=== Exercise 2 Draw trees ===


Using only the syntactic categories listed above,
Using only the syntactic categories listed above,
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b. Write the phrase structure rules needed to license the trees you drew.
b. Write the phrase structure rules needed to license the trees you drew.
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'''Main page'''  [Practical_Grammar_2|'''Week 2''']]  [[Practical_Grammar_3|'''Week 3''']]  [[Practical_Grammar_4|'''Week 4''']]  [[Practical_Grammar_5|'''Week 5''']]  [[Practical_Grammar_6|'''Week 6''']]  [[Practical_Grammar_7|'''Week 7''']]  [[Practical_Grammar_8|'''Week 8''']]  [[Practical_Grammar_9|'''Week 9''']]  [[Practical_Grammar_12|'''Project''']]  [[Practical_Grammar_Help|'''Help''']]
    '''Main page'''  [[Practical_Grammar_2|'''Week 2''']]  [[Practical_Grammar_3|'''Week 3''']]  [[Practical_Grammar_4|'''Week 4''']]  [[Practical_Grammar_5|'''Week 5''']]  [[Practical_Grammar_6|'''Week 6''']]  [[Practical_Grammar_7_new|'''Week 7''']]  [[Practical_Grammar_8|'''Week 8''']]  [[Practical_Grammar_9|'''Week 9''']]   
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Latest revision as of 11:49, 31 October 2023

Review

If you need a review on parts of speech and phrases, then follow these links:

Exercise 1.1

Sentences

(1) John [disappeared].
(2) the bottle [broke].
(3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].
(4) Fred [talks about Chicago].
(5) Robert [went to the hospital].
(6) Alice [moved into the room].
(7) Joe [saw Fred].
(8) Alice [broke the bottle].
(9) we [moved it into the room].
(10) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].
(11) John [sent Martha a check].
(12) we [gave Fred a wastebasket].

Syntactic Categories

S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D

Phrase Structure Rules

A phrase structure rule is well formed, if it is of one of the following forms

C0 -> C1
C0 -> C1 C2
C0 -> C1 C2 C3

and each C is one of the categories listed above.

The S rule

S -> NP VP

Exercise 1 Find constituents

Determine the constituency of the bracketed expressions in the following sentences. Use only the following syntactic categories: S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D.

(1) the bottle [broke].
(2) Joe [saw Fred].
(3) Alice [broke the bottle].
(4) Martha [stayed at the hospital].
(5) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].
(6) John [sent Martha a check].

Exercise 2 Draw trees

Using only the syntactic categories listed above,

a. draw plausible phrase structure trees for the odd-numbered sentences. Assume that the bracketed expressions are VPs.

Draw the trees with the program at the following website:

jsSyntaxTree

Example: to draw a tree for sentence (12) above, paste the following line into the textfield of jsSyntaxTree:

  • [S [NP [N We]] [VP [V gave] [NP [N Fred]] [NP [D a] [N wastebasket]]]]

Download each tree by clicking on it.

b. Write the phrase structure rules needed to license the trees you drew.



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