Practical Grammar: Difference between revisions
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== Textbook == | == Textbook == | ||
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Please buy a copy of the book as quickly as possible! | Please buy a copy of the book as quickly as possible! | ||
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== Review == | == Review == | ||
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(1) John [disappeared].<br> | (1) John [disappeared].<br> | ||
(2) | (2) the bottle [broke].<br> | ||
(3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].<br> | (3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].<br> | ||
(4) Fred [talks about Chicago].<br> | (4) Fred [talks about Chicago].<br> | ||
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(7) Joe [saw Fred].<br> | (7) Joe [saw Fred].<br> | ||
(8) Alice [broke the bottle].<br> | (8) Alice [broke the bottle].<br> | ||
(9) | (9) we [moved it into the room].<br> | ||
(10) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].<br> | (10) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].<br> | ||
(11) John [sent Martha a check].<br> | (11) John [sent Martha a check].<br> | ||
(12) | (12) we [gave Fred a wastebasket]. | ||
=== Syntactic Categories === | === Syntactic Categories === | ||
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S -> NP VP | S -> NP VP | ||
=== | === Exercise 1 Find constituents === | ||
Determine the constituency of the bracketed expressions in the following sentences. Use only the following syntactic categories: S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D. | |||
(1) the bottle [broke].<br> | |||
(2) Joe [saw Fred].<br> | |||
(3) Alice [broke the bottle].<br> | |||
(4) Martha [stayed at the hospital].<br> | |||
(5) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].<br> | |||
(6) John [sent Martha a check]. | |||
=== Exercise 2 Draw trees === | |||
Using only the syntactic categories listed above, | Using only the syntactic categories listed above, | ||
Latest revision as of 11:49, 31 October 2023
Review
If you need a review on parts of speech and phrases, then follow these links:
Exercise 1.1
Sentences
(1) John [disappeared].
(2) the bottle [broke].
(3) Martha [stayed at the hospital].
(4) Fred [talks about Chicago].
(5) Robert [went to the hospital].
(6) Alice [moved into the room].
(7) Joe [saw Fred].
(8) Alice [broke the bottle].
(9) we [moved it into the room].
(10) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].
(11) John [sent Martha a check].
(12) we [gave Fred a wastebasket].
Syntactic Categories
S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D
Phrase Structure Rules
A phrase structure rule is well formed, if it is of one of the following forms
C0 -> C1
C0 -> C1 C2
C0 -> C1 C2 C3
and each C is one of the categories listed above.
The S rule
S -> NP VP
Exercise 1 Find constituents
Determine the constituency of the bracketed expressions in the following sentences. Use only the following syntactic categories: S, NP, N, VP, V, PP, P, AP, A, D.
(1) the bottle [broke].
(2) Joe [saw Fred].
(3) Alice [broke the bottle].
(4) Martha [stayed at the hospital].
(5) Fred [took Alice to the hospital].
(6) John [sent Martha a check].
Exercise 2 Draw trees
Using only the syntactic categories listed above,
a. draw plausible phrase structure trees for the odd-numbered sentences. Assume that the bracketed expressions are VPs.
Draw the trees with the program at the following website:
Example: to draw a tree for sentence (12) above, paste the following line into the textfield of jsSyntaxTree:
- [S [NP [N We]] [VP [V gave] [NP [N Fred]] [NP [D a] [N wastebasket]]]]
Download each tree by clicking on it.
b. Write the phrase structure rules needed to license the trees you drew.