Practical Grammar 8: Difference between revisions
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== Complement Clauses == | |||
<span style="color: blue>Exercise 8.1 (based on section 5.1 of the textbook)</span> | |||
* Go to <span class="newwin">[https://xlfg.labri.fr/ https://xlfg.labri.fr/]</span>. | |||
<!-- Grammar5-Ex 7.3-solution. --> | |||
* Add the words in the following sentences: | |||
(1) Fred thinks that Lilly disappeared<br> | |||
(2) Fred enquires whether Lilly disappeared | |||
Implement the following: | |||
# ''that'' and ''whether'' belong to the part of speech C (= complementizer). | |||
# Complementizers head CPs. | |||
# CPs take two daughers: a C and an IP. The two daughters are co-heads of the CP. | |||
# You need to add a new VP rule which allows a VP to consist of a V and a CP. The CP bears the GF '''COMP'''. | |||
* Make any further changes that are necessary to obtain the f-structure (10) on p. 101 for (1), with one exception: your grammar will not contain the information [CLTYPE DECL] in the main f-structure! For sentence (2), you should obtain an f-structure which is identical to that of sentence (1), with the exception that the CLTYPE of the COMP in (2) should be INTER. | |||
Check what your grammar predicts for the following examples: | |||
(3) *Fred thinks whether Lilly disappeared<br> | |||
(4) *Fred enquires that Lilly disappeared | |||
If your grammar licenses these examples, then add information to it that makes it impossible to derive a well formed f-structure for them. | |||
Hint: think about the function of each of the complementizers! | |||
== Subject Clauses == | |||
''That''- and ''whether''-clauses can also act as subjects: | |||
1. That Lilly disappeared sucks<br> | |||
2. Whether Lilly disappeared is unknown | |||
Of course, the complementizers are still bound to their clause types: | |||
3. *Whether Lilly disappeared sucks<br> | |||
<span style="color: blue>Exercise 8.2</span> | |||
* Go to <span class="newwin">[https://xlfg.labri.fr/ https://xlfg.labri.fr/]</span>. | |||
<!-- * Open your latest grammar or start with a copy of Grammar5-.Ex8.1-solution. --> | |||
* Add the sentences above to your test items. | |||
* Change the grammar so that it makes the correct predictions for all test items. | |||
Your grammar should yield the following Argument Structure for sentence (1):<br> | |||
[[File:Sucks.JPG|500px]] | |||
Your grammar should yield the following Argument Structure for sentence (2):<br> | |||
[[File:Unknown.JPG|500px]] | |||
Notes: | |||
a. treat ''is'' as a verb which combines with a COMP and an OBJ.<br> | |||
b. treat ''unknown'' as an adjective. | |||
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== The Difference between Defining Equations and Constraining Equations == | == The Difference between Defining Equations and Constraining Equations == | ||
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* it marks the f-structure [] as ill-formed, since it does not contain the information TENSE pres, i.e. the constraining equation is a test on an f-structure. | * it marks the f-structure [] as ill-formed, since it does not contain the information TENSE pres, i.e. the constraining equation is a test on an f-structure. | ||
* it marks the f-structure [] as well-formed, but does not change it. | * it marks the f-structure [TENSE pres] as well-formed, but does not change it. | ||
When to use a constraining equation: | When to use a constraining equation: | ||
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'''<span style="color: red>(↑ TENSE) =<sub>c</sub> pres</span>''' becomes '''<span style="color: blue>(↑ TENSE) == pres;</span>''' in xlfg. | '''<span style="color: red>(↑ TENSE) =<sub>c</sub> pres</span>''' becomes '''<span style="color: blue>(↑ TENSE) == pres;</span>''' in xlfg. | ||
--> | |||
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Latest revision as of 08:36, 30 January 2024
Complement Clauses
Exercise 8.1 (based on section 5.1 of the textbook)
- Go to https://xlfg.labri.fr/.
- Add the words in the following sentences:
(1) Fred thinks that Lilly disappeared
(2) Fred enquires whether Lilly disappeared
Implement the following:
- that and whether belong to the part of speech C (= complementizer).
- Complementizers head CPs.
- CPs take two daughers: a C and an IP. The two daughters are co-heads of the CP.
- You need to add a new VP rule which allows a VP to consist of a V and a CP. The CP bears the GF COMP.
- Make any further changes that are necessary to obtain the f-structure (10) on p. 101 for (1), with one exception: your grammar will not contain the information [CLTYPE DECL] in the main f-structure! For sentence (2), you should obtain an f-structure which is identical to that of sentence (1), with the exception that the CLTYPE of the COMP in (2) should be INTER.
Check what your grammar predicts for the following examples:
(3) *Fred thinks whether Lilly disappeared
(4) *Fred enquires that Lilly disappeared
If your grammar licenses these examples, then add information to it that makes it impossible to derive a well formed f-structure for them.
Hint: think about the function of each of the complementizers!
Subject Clauses
That- and whether-clauses can also act as subjects:
1. That Lilly disappeared sucks
2. Whether Lilly disappeared is unknown
Of course, the complementizers are still bound to their clause types:
3. *Whether Lilly disappeared sucks
Exercise 8.2
- Go to https://xlfg.labri.fr/.
- Add the sentences above to your test items.
- Change the grammar so that it makes the correct predictions for all test items.
Your grammar should yield the following Argument Structure for sentence (1):
Your grammar should yield the following Argument Structure for sentence (2):
Notes:
a. treat is as a verb which combines with a COMP and an OBJ.
b. treat unknown as an adjective.