Syntax 1 Wiki: Week 12: Difference between revisions

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==Types of Phrases==
===Head-Complement Phrases===
A head-complement phrase can be formed by combining <i style="color:blue;">a word</i> [= the head daughter] with <i style="color:blue;">1 or 2 signs </i>[= the non-head daughter(s)] whose syntactic categories can be unified with the syntactic categories on the word’s comps list.


<!--Here is the handout I used in class this week:
Scheme 1: The head licenses 1 complement


[[File:Raising-and-Control.pdf]]-->
[[File:H-C phrase 1.PNG|left|400px|caption]]
<div style="color:#fff; background:#72777d">
This schema licenses the following structure:<br>
<i style="color:#ffff00">XP -> X + COMPS</i><br>
Examples:
<ul>
    <li>[<i style="color:#ffff00">PP</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> of][<i style="color:#ffff00">C</i> Lilly]]</li>
    <li>[<i style="color:#ffff00">AP</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> fond][<i style="color:#ffff00">C</i> of Lilly]]</li>
    <li>[<i style="color:#ffff00">VP</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> likes][<i style="color:#ffff00">C</i> Fido]]</li>
    <li>[<i style="color:#ffff00">VP</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> speaks][<i style="color:#ffff00">C</i> to Fido]]</li>
</ul>
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Scheme 2: The head licenses 2 complements
[[File:H-C phrase 2.PNG|left|400px|caption]]
<div style="color:#fff; background:#72777d">
This schema licenses the following structures:<br>
<i style="color:#ffff00">VP -> V N(P) N(P)</i><br>
<i style="color:#ffff00">VP -> V N(P) PP</i><br>
Examples:
<ul>
    <li>[<i style="color:#ffff00">VP</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> show][<i style="color:#ffff00">C</i> me][<i style="color:#ffff00">C</i> Frankfurt]]</li>
    <li>[<i style="color:#ffff00">VP</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> give][<i style="color:#ffff00">C</i> the book][<i style="color:#ffff00">C</i> to the student]]</li>
    <li>[<i style="color:#ffff00">VP</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> put][<i style="color:#ffff00">C</i> the book][<i style="color:#ffff00">C</i> on the table]]</li> 
</ul>
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===Head-Specifier Phrases===
A head-specifier phrase can be formed by combining <i style="color:blue;">a sign</i> [= the head daughter] with <i style="color:blue;">a second
sign</i> [= the non-head daughter] whose syntactic category can be unified with the syntactic category on the word’s spr list:
[[File:H-SPR phrase.PNG|left|400px|caption]]
<div style="color:#fff; background:#72777d">
This schema licenses the following structures:<br>
*<i style="color:#ffff00">NP -> D N(P)</i>
**[<i style="color:#ffff00">NP</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">SPR</i> the][<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> student]]
**[<i style="color:#ffff00">NP</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">SPR</i> those][<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> apples]]
*<i style="color:#ffff00">S -> N(P) V(P)</i>
**[<i style="color:#ffff00">S</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">SPR</i> Lilly][<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> smokes]]
**[<i style="color:#ffff00">S</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">SPR</i> Lilly][<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> likes Fido]]
**[<i style="color:#ffff00">S</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">SPR</i> The student][<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> showed a cat to Fido]]
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[[File:Likes-fido.JPG|300px]]<br>
===Head-Modifier Phrases===
There are 3 kinds of head-modifier phrases.<br>
Scheme 1. A Head-modifier phrase can be formed by combining <i style="color:blue;">an adjectival sign</i> [= the non-head
daughter] with <i style="color:blue;">a nominal sign</i> [= the head daughter] which is COMPS-complete but is sill looking
for its specifier.
[[File:H-M phrase 1.PNG|left|400px|caption]]
<div style="color:#fff; background:#72777d">
This schema licenses the following structure:<br>
*<i style="color:#ffff00">NP -> A N(P)</i>
**[<i style="color:#ffff00">NP</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">MOD</i> happy][<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> student]]
**[<i style="color:#ffff00">NP</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">MOD</i> big][<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> cat]]
**[<i style="color:#ffff00">NP</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">MOD</i> huge][<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> interest in languages]]
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Scheme 2. A Head-modifier phrase can be formed by combining <i style="color:blue;">a nominal sign</i> [= the head daughter]which is COMPS-complete but is sill looking for its specifier with <i style="color:blue;">a PP</i> [= the non-head daughter]
[[File:H-M phrase 2.PNG|left|400px|caption]]
<div style="color:#fff; background:#72777d">
This schema licenses the following structure:<br>
*<i style="color:#ffff00">NP -> N(P) PP</i>
**[<i style="color:#ffff00">NP</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> student][<i style="color:#ffff00">MOD</i> with red hair]]
**[<i style="color:#ffff00">NP</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> professor][<i style="color:#ffff00">MOD</i> from Frankfurt]]
</div>
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Scheme 3. A Head-modifier phrase can be formed by combining <i style="color:blue;">a verbal sign</i> [= the head daughter] which is COMPS-complete but is sill looking for its specifier with <i style="color:blue;">a PP</i> [= the non-head daughter].
[[File:H-M phrase 3.PNG|left|400px|caption]]
<div style="color:#fff; background:#72777d">
This schema licenses the following structure:<br>
*<i style="color:#ffff00">VP -> V(P) PP</i>
**[<i style="color:#ffff00">VP</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> works][<i style="color:#ffff00">MOD</i> at the university]]
**[<i style="color:#ffff00">VP</i> [<i style="color:#ffff00">H</i> saw Lilly][<i style="color:#ffff00">MOD</i> with a cat]]
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== Phrase Formation ==
 
<!--
Here is the file that we went through in class this week:
 
[[File:Phrase-Formation-Version3.pdf]]-->
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Check out:
[http://141.2.159.95:7001/wt/ Link to the Online Grammar]


https://www.english-linguistics.de/grammarparadise/wiki/index.php/Special:NewFiles




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   [[Syntax_1_Wiki |'''Main page''']]|[[Syntax_1_Wiki:_Week_1| '''Week 1''']] |[[Syntax_1_Wiki:_Week_2| '''Week 2''']]|[[Phrases| '''Week 3''']]|[[Syntax_1_Wiki:_Week_4| '''Week 4''']]|[[Syntax_1_Wiki:_Week_5| '''Week 5''']]|[[Syntax_1_Wiki:_Week_6| '''Week 6''']]| Week 7
   [[Syntax_1_Wiki |'''Main page''']]|[[Syntax_1_Wiki:_Week_1| '''Week 1''']] |[[Syntax_1_Wiki:_Week_2| '''Week 2''']]|[[Phrases| '''Week 3''']]|[[Syntax_1_Wiki:_Week_4| '''Week 4''']]|[[Syntax_1_Wiki:_Week_5| '''Week 5''']]| '''Week 6'''|[[Syntax_1_Wiki:_Week_7| '''Week 7''']]  
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Latest revision as of 13:09, 7 December 2020

Types of Phrases

Head-Complement Phrases

A head-complement phrase can be formed by combining a word [= the head daughter] with 1 or 2 signs [= the non-head daughter(s)] whose syntactic categories can be unified with the syntactic categories on the word’s comps list.

Scheme 1: The head licenses 1 complement

caption

This schema licenses the following structure:
XP -> X + COMPS
Examples:

  • [PP [H of][C Lilly]]
  • [AP [H fond][C of Lilly]]
  • [VP [H likes][C Fido]]
  • [VP [H speaks][C to Fido]]








Scheme 2: The head licenses 2 complements

caption

This schema licenses the following structures:
VP -> V N(P) N(P)
VP -> V N(P) PP
Examples:

  • [VP [H show][C me][C Frankfurt]]
  • [VP [H give][C the book][C to the student]]
  • [VP [H put][C the book][C on the table]]








Head-Specifier Phrases

A head-specifier phrase can be formed by combining a sign [= the head daughter] with a second sign [= the non-head daughter] whose syntactic category can be unified with the syntactic category on the word’s spr list:

caption

This schema licenses the following structures:

  • NP -> D N(P)
    • [NP [SPR the][H student]]
    • [NP [SPR those][H apples]]
  • S -> N(P) V(P)
    • [S [SPR Lilly][H smokes]]
    • [S [SPR Lilly][H likes Fido]]
    • [S [SPR The student][H showed a cat to Fido]]







Head-Modifier Phrases

There are 3 kinds of head-modifier phrases.
Scheme 1. A Head-modifier phrase can be formed by combining an adjectival sign [= the non-head daughter] with a nominal sign [= the head daughter] which is COMPS-complete but is sill looking for its specifier.

caption

This schema licenses the following structure:

  • NP -> A N(P)
    • [NP [MOD happy][H student]]
    • [NP [MOD big][H cat]]
    • [NP [MOD huge][H interest in languages]]








Scheme 2. A Head-modifier phrase can be formed by combining a nominal sign [= the head daughter]which is COMPS-complete but is sill looking for its specifier with a PP [= the non-head daughter]

caption

This schema licenses the following structure:

  • NP -> N(P) PP
    • [NP [H student][MOD with red hair]]
    • [NP [H professor][MOD from Frankfurt]]








Scheme 3. A Head-modifier phrase can be formed by combining a verbal sign [= the head daughter] which is COMPS-complete but is sill looking for its specifier with a PP [= the non-head daughter].

caption

This schema licenses the following structure:

  • VP -> V(P) PP
    • [VP [H works][MOD at the university]]
    • [VP [H saw Lilly][MOD with a cat]]








Phrase Formation



Link to the Online Grammar





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