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| Exercise
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| * Go to the [http://141.2.159.95:7002/wt/ Online Grammar 2] with the gap above.
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| * Parse the following strings:
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| ** him Lilly likes (choose solution 1)
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| ** him Lilly spoke to (choose solution 3)
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| ** to him Lilly spoke (choose solution 4)
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| * Parse the following strings:
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| ** he Lilly likes (choose solution 1)
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| ** he Lilly spoke to (choose solution 1)
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| ** Lilly gave the apple to him
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| ** to him Lilly gave the apple (choose solution 4)
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| ** Lilly gave the apple at him
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| ** at him Lilly gave the apple (choose solution 4)
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| <span style="color: blue>'''Exercise:'''</span>
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| * Parse all the sentences below and see whether you find a pattern in the data:
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| (1) <br>
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| a. Lilly likes Fido.<br>
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| b. Fido, Lilly likes __.
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| (2) <br>
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| a. Lilly depends on Fido.<br>
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| b. Fido, Lilly depends on __.
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| (3) <br>
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| a. Lilly depends on Fido.<br>
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| b. On Fido, Lilly depends __.
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| (4) <br>
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| a. Lilly is fond of Fido.<br>
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| b. Fido, Lilly is fond of __.
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| (5) <br>
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| a. Lilly showed me a picture of Fido.<br>
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| b. Fido, Lilly showed me a picture of __.
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| (6) <br>
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| a. Lilly said I like Fido.<br>
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| b. Fido, Lilly said I like __.
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| (7) <br>
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| a. Lilly said I claimed she likes Fido.<br>
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| b. Fido, Lilly said I claimed she likes __.
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| Because preposing can in principle span arbitrarily many clauses, it is one example of a long distance dependency!
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| (8) * Fido, Lilly smokes __.<br>
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| (9) * To Fido, Lilly likes __.<br>
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| (10) * She, Lilly likes __.<br>
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| (11) * To Fido, Lilly depends __.<br>
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| (12) * Fido, Lilly claims __ am sad.<br>
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| (1) <span style="color: blue>What pattern do (1)-(12) show?</span>
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| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
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| Check your answer
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| <div class="mw-collapsible-content">
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| An expression can be preposed from a position P if and only if it can occur in position P.
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| </div>
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| </div><br>
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| We distinguish between two kinds of phrases: | | We distinguish between two kinds of phrases: |
Introducing the GAPS feature
The Gap Collection Constraint
Illustrating the Gap Collection Constraint
The Head-filler schema
We distinguish between two kinds of phrases:
1. Stand(ard) phrases: hd-comp-ph, hd-spr-ph, hd-c-ph, sai-ph
2. Head-Filler phrases: top-ph, question
Remarks:
1. ⊕ is the list merger operator. (to merge = verschmelzen)
2. L1 ⊕ L2 is the new list L3 which contains all the elements of list L1 followed by all the elements of list L2.
Examples:
1. <> ⊕ < a > = < a >
2. < a > ⊕ <> = < a >
3. < a, a > ⊕ < a, b, c > = < a, a, a, b, c >
