Auxiliaries: Difference between revisions
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'''N'''egation: | '''N'''egation: | ||
A finite auxiliary precedes the negation particle ''not'' to negate a sentence. | A finite auxiliary precedes the negation particle ''not'' to negate a sentence. | ||
# Pat will not walk home. | # Pat will ''not'' walk home. | ||
# Pat walked not home. | # *Pat ''walked ''not home. | ||
'''I'''nversion: | '''I'''nversion: | ||
A finite auxiliary stands at the beginning of a sentence in yes/no-questions. | A finite auxiliary stands at the beginning of a sentence in yes/no-questions. | ||
Revision as of 12:18, 21 April 2017
- Examples: may, can, will, shall, might, could
- English auxiliaries differ from verbs in that they show the following properties, the NICE properties:
Negation:
A finite auxiliary precedes the negation particle not to negate a sentence.
- Pat will not walk home.
- *Pat walked not home.
Inversion:
A finite auxiliary stands at the beginning of a sentence in yes/no-questions.
- Will Pat walk home?
- *Walked Pat home?
Contraction:
There is an idiosyncratic contraction form of the auxiliary and the negation particle. won't, can't
Ellipsis:
An auxiliary can occur in VP ellipsis, i.e. at the end of a sentence when a VP is missing. Pat should walk home and Mary might, too.
- *Pat walked home and Mary, too.
General properties of the modal auxiliaries: no inflection for 3rd singular only a finite form Problematic cases: The verbs be and have have the properties of both verbs and auxiliaries. The support verb do is similar to be and have, but only has a finite form. Infinitival to shows many properties of auxiliaries, and is considered an auxiliary in many theories of grammar.