Publications, talks, and selected scholarly material
Publications
For a mixture of pre-publication versions and unpublished material
not contained in the listing below, see
Frank's Scholarly Jumble Box.
2025
Dirk Buschbom, Pascal Hohmann, Nicolas Lamoure, Frank Richter & Manfred Sailer:
NPI Bank (DB 20251031_001 v1.0.0, GUI v1.1.0). SFB 1629 Negation in Language and Beyond (NegLaB)
Stefan Müller, Marga Reis & Frank Richter:
About this volume: introductory remarks
In: Stefan Müller, Marga Reis & Frank Richter (eds):
Beiträge zur deutschen Grammatik. Gesammelte Schriften von Tilman N.
Höhle. Zweite durchgesehene Auflage.
Classics in Linguistics 5. Berlin: Language Science Press. pp. v-xvii
Frank Richter & Janina Radó:
Negative Polarity Items as Collocations: Experimental Evidence from German
In: Katy Carlson, Charles Clifton Jr. & Janet Dean Fodor (eds):
Grammatical Approaches to Language Processing: Essays in Honor
of Lyn Frazier. Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics. Springer. pp. 127-145,
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01563-3_7
Frank Richter & Manfred Sailer:
Idiome mit phraseologisierten Teilsätzen: Eine Fallstudie zur
Formalisierung von Konstruktionen im Rahmen der HPSG.
In: Alexander Lasch & Alexander Ziem (eds): Grammatik als Netzwerk
von Konstruktionen. Sprachwissen im Fokus der Konstruktionsgrammatik.
de Gruyter, Berlin, Boston. pp. 291-312,
doi:10.1515/9783110353693.291
Glyn Morrill, Reinhard Muskens, Rainer Osswald &
Frank Richter (eds):
Formal Grammar. 19th International Conference, FG 2014, Tübingen,
Germany, August 16-17, 2014. Proceedings.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 8612. Springer-Verlag,
doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44121-3
Laura Kallmeyer & Frank Richter:
Quantifiers in Frame Semantics.
In:
Glyn Morrill, Reinhard Muskens, Rainer Osswald & Frank Richter (eds): Formal Grammar,
19th International Conference. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 8612. Springer-Verlag. pp. 69-85,
doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44121-3_5
Jennifer Spenader, Frank Richter & Janina Radó:
Experimental Investigations of Licensing Environments for NPIs in English.
In: Jack Hoeksema & Dicky Gilbers (eds): Black Book. A Festschrift in Honor of Frans Zwarts.
University of Groningen, pp. 301-310
2013
Guram Bezhanishvili, Sebastian Löbner, Vincenzo Marra &
Frank Richter (eds):
9th International Tbilisi Symposium on Logic, Language, and Computation, TbiLLC 2011.
Kutaisi, Georgia, September 2011. Revised and Selected Papers. Lecture
Notes in Computer Science 7758.
Springer-Verlag,
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36976-6
Johannes Dellert, Kilian Evang & Frank Richter:
A Hybrid Trace-Based and Chart-Based Debugging System for Grammar Engineering.
In: Denys Duchier, Yannick Parmentier (eds):
Rapport de Recherche. High-level Methodologies for
Grammar Engineering. ESSLLI 2013 Workshop. LIFO, Université d'Orléans,
RR-2013-07, pp. 75-86 [DellertEvangRichter13.pdf]
Frank Richter,
Manfred Sailer &
Beata Trawiński:
The Collection of Distributionally Idiosyncratic Items: An Interface
between Data and Theory
In: Stefaniya Ptashnyk, Erla Hallsteinsdóttir, Noah
Bubenhofer (eds): Korpora, Web und Datenbanken.
Computergestützte und korpusbasierte Methoden in der modernen
Phraseologie und Lexikographie.
Schneider Verlag Hohengehren. pp. 247-262
Fabienne Fritzinger, Frank Richter & Marion Weller:
Pattern-Based Extraction of Negative Polarity Items from Dependency-Parsed Text
In: Nicoletta Calzolari, Khalid Choukri, Bente Maegaard, Joseph Mariani,
Jan Odjik, Stelios Piperidis, Mike Rosner, Daniel Tapias (eds):
Proceedings of the Seventh conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10).
European Language Resources Association (ELRA).
Frank Richter &
Laura Kallmeyer:
Feature Logic-based Semantic Composition: A Comparison between LRS
and LTAG
In: Anders Søgaard, Petter Haugereid (eds): Typed Feature
Structure Grammars. Peter Lang, Frankfurt a.M. pp. 37-92
Beata Trawiński, Manfred Sailer, Jan-Philipp Soehn, Lothar
Lemnitzer & Frank Richter:
Cranberry Expressions in English and in German
In: Proceedings of the LREC Workshop Towards a Shared Task
for Multiword Expressions (MWE 2008). Marrakech, Morocco.
pp. 35-38
Beata Trawiński, Jan-Philipp Soehn, Manfred Sailer & Frank Richter:
A Multilingual Electronic Database of Distributionally Idiosyncratic Items
In: Elisenda Bernal and Janet DeCesaris (eds), Proceedings of the
XIII Euralex International Congress, Series: Activitats, Volume 20.
Universitat Pompeu Fabra: Barcelona, Spain. pp. 1445-1451
Frank Richter &
Laura Kallmeyer:
Feature Logic-based Semantic Composition: A Comparison between LRS
and LTAG
In: Anders Søgaard, Petter Haugereid (eds): Postproceedings of
The 1st International Workshop on Typed Feature Structure Grammars. CST
Working Papers, No. 7, København, Denmark. pp. 31-83
Frank Richter (2007):
Closer to the Truth: A New Model Theory for HPSG
In: James Rogers and Stephan Kepser (eds): Model-Theoretic
Syntax at 10. pp. 101-110
(Workshop Proceedings of
MTS@10, organized
as part of ESSLLI'07
at Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland)
Ekaterina Ovchinnikova & Frank Richter (2007):
Morph Moulder: Teaching Software for HPSG
and Description Logics
Journal of the Interest Group in Pure and Applied Logic 15(4), pp. 333-345, Oxford University
Press, doi:10.1093/jigpal/jzm024
Frank Richter & Manfred
Sailer: Cranberry Words in Formal Grammar In: Claire Beyssade, Olivier Bonami, Patricia Cabredo Hofherr,
and Francis Corblin (eds):
Empirical Issues in Formal Syntax and Semantics 4. Presses de l'Université
de Paris-Sorbonne, Paris. pp. 155-171
Frank Richter: Erfahrungen bei der Erstellung des Web-basierten
Kurses 'Grammar Formalisms and Parsing' In: Sprache und Datenverarbeitung. International Journal for Language
Data Processing Vol. 27(1-2): pp. 95-111.
Manfred
Sailer & Frank Richter:
Not for Love or Money: Collocations! In: Gerhard Jäger, Paola Monachesi, Gerald Penn
and Shuly Wintner (eds):
Proceedings of Formal Grammar 2002. July 2002. pp. 149-160
Manfred
Sailer & Frank Richter:
Collocations and the Representation of Polarity In: Gábor Alberti, Kata Balogh and Paul Dekker (eds):
Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on Logic and Language. Pécs, Hungary.
pp. 129-138
Frank Richter & Manfred Sailer:
Polish Negation and Lexical Resource Semantics In: Geert-Jan M. Kruijff, Lawrence S. Moss, and Richard T. Oehrle (eds):
Preproceedings of
FGMOL 2001. Superseded by [Richter & Sailer 2004].
Frank Richter & Manfred
Sailer: Underspecified
Semantics in HPSG In: Harry Bunt, Leen Kievit, Reinhard Muskens and Margriet Verlinden
(eds), Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Computational
Semantics, 8-10 January 1997, Tilburg, pp. 234-246
Frank Richter: AI as Research Infrastructure: LLMs, Coding Agents and Linguistics.
Talk in the MGK Colloquium at Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany, July 1st.
Frank Richter: What are Negative Polarity Items?
Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria, March 11th.
2022
Frank Richter: Recursive adjectival modification in CLLRS.
Invited talk at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany, June 7th.
Frank Richter: Idiom Modification.
Invited talk at Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany,
January 30th.
2018
Frank Richter: Computational semantics: Representations and
reasoning.
Invited talk at the
Symposium on Logic and Algorithms in Computational
Linguistics 2018 at the Department of Mathematics and Department of Philosophy,
Stockholm University, Sweden (August 28-31). August 31st.
Frank Richter: The Constraint Language for LRS. A quick tour.
Talk at the 5th European Workshop on HPSG in Frankfurt, Germany. June 2nd.
Manfred Sailer & Frank Richter:
Negation marking in conjuncts: A many-to-one relation?
Talk at Workshop 4: One-to-many relations in
morphology, syntax and semantics, at the 40th Annual DGfS Meeting, March
7-9, in Stuttgart, Germany. March 9th.
Sascha Bargmann, Berit Gehrke, Frank Richter:
How to modify idioms. Talk at Workshop 4: One-to-many relations in
morphology, syntax and semantics, at the 40th Annual DGfS Meeting, March
7-9, in Stuttgart, Germany. March 8th.
Sascha Bargmann, Berit Gehrke, Frank Richter:
How to modify idioms. Talk at the 19th Szklarska Poreba Workshop,
February 23-26, Poland. February 26th.
2017
David Lahm & Frank Richter:
Every Linguist proposed a different account.
Talk at the
4th European Workshop on HPSG in Paris, France. March 24th.
2016
Frank Richter:
Categorematic Unreducible Polyadic Quantifiers in Lexical Resource Semantics.
Talk at HeadLex16 in Warsaw, Poland.
July 25th.
Monica-Mihaela Rizea, Gianina Iordăchioaia & Frank Richter:
Negative-polarity Multiword Expressions (NPMWEs). Interpreting Corpus Results
and Enriching a Multilingual Resource.
Poster at the
PARSEME 7th General Meeting in Dubrovnik, Croatia.
September 26th.
Monica-Mihaela Rizea, Gianina Iordăchioaia & Frank Richter:
A Corpus-based Analysis of Negative Polarity Idiomatic Expressions.
Poster at the workshop
Current Trends in Figurative Language Research in Tübingen, Germany.
December 9th.
2015
Frank Richter:
Henkin Semantics for Reasoning with Natural Language.
Invited talk (based on Hahn & Richter, 2015) at the
Workshop on Grammar Development, Beit Daniel, Zichron Ya'akov, Israel. June 23rd.
Janina Radó & Frank Richter:
Complex Sluicing and Focus.
Invited talk at the
Workshop on Grammar Development, Beit Daniel, Zichron Ya'akov, Israel. June 24th.
2014
Frank Richter:
A Syntax Semantics Interface for Unreducible Polyadic Quantifiers.
Presentation in the Computational Linguistics Colloquium at
Universität Düsseldorf, Germany. January 9th.
Manfred Sailer, Frank Richter & Beata Trawiński:
Expressions with Bound Words. Linguistic Resource and Relevance
for PARSEME.
Poster presentation at the
PARSEME 2nd general meeting
in Athens, Greece. March 10th-11th.
Laura Kallmeyer & Frank Richter:
Quantifiers in Frame Semantics.
Talk at Formal Grammar 2014
in Tübingen, Germany. August 16th-17th.
Frank Richter:
Commentary on Sarah Zobel's talk On the non-uniformity of pronouns:
1st sg, 2nd sg, and impersonal pronouns at
Pronouns@Tübingen 2
in Tübingen, Germany. November 7th-9th.
Frank Richter:
Polyadic "same" and "different".
Talk at the
2nd European Workshop on HPSG in Paris, France. November 17th-18th.
Frank Richter:
Lexical Resource Semantics: Computation.
Presentation in Bob Levine and Manfred Sailer's course
Lexical Resource Semantics: Where empirical grounding meets
computational tractability in the syntax/semantics interface at
ESSLLI 2013, Düsseldorf, Germany. August 9th.
Johannes Dellert, Kilian Evang, Frank Richter:
A Hybrid Trace-Based and Chart-Based Debugging System for Grammar
Engineering.
Workshop on High-level Methodologies for Grammar
Engineering @ ESSLLI 2013, Düsseldorf, Germany. August 12th.
Frank Richter:
87, 94, 14? The Nature of Linguistic Theory.
Invited talk, 20th Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar in Berlin, Germany. August 22nd.
Frank Richter:
Green Twigs and the Value of Chanterelles: NPI Licensing in Certain Embedded Clauses.
Invited talk, Zentrum für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Berlin, Germany.
October 1st.
2012
Frank Richter:
What Is Constraint-Based Semantics Good for?
Invited talk, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany.
March 22nd.
Frank Richter & Manfred Sailer:
Lexical Effects of Raising Modals on Resolving the Scope of Strong Quantifiers.
Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. May 12th.
Frank Richter, Manfred Sailer & Beata Trawiński:
Ein Forschungsportal an der Lexikon-Grammatik-Schnittstelle.
GAL-Kongress 2012, Universität Erlangen, Germany. September 19th.
2011
Frank Richter:
Redundancy and Identity in Semantic Theory and Computation.
Invited talk at the
Ninth International Tbilisi Symposium on Language, Logic and Computation
in
Kutaisi, Georgia. September 27th.
Frank Richter:
Eine Implementierungsplattform für constraintbasierte modelltheoretische Semantik
(An Implementation Platform for Constraint-based Model-Theoretic Semantics).
Invited talk, Universität Osnabrück, Germany.
October 26th.
2010
Frank Richter:
Grammatiktheorie und Grammatikimplementierung (Grammar Theory and Grammar Implementation).
Two day workshop, Universität Göttingen, Germany. January 21st and 22nd.
Frank Richter & Manfred Sailer:
Phraseologisierte Teilsätze: Modellierung von partieller
Fixiertheit und Flexibilität in nichtlokalen Strukturen.
Talk at
Konstruktionsgrammatik: Neue Perspektiven zur Untersuchung des
Deutschen und Englischen, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
February 18th.
Frank Richter:
Modelltheoretische Syntax (Model-Theoretic Syntax).
Two day workshop, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. March 24th and 25th.
Fabienne Fritzinger, Frank Richter & Marion Weller:
Pattern-Based Extraction of Negative Polarity Items from Dependency-Parsed Text.
LREC 2010, Valletta, Malta. May 19th.
Frank Richter:
Lexikalisierte Modelltheoretische Semantik mit Merkmalslogik: Grundideen und
Anwendung anhand von Lexical Resource Semantics (Lexicalized Model-Theoretic Semantics
in Feature Logic).
Invited talk, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany.
June 2nd.
Frank Richter:
What is a feature structure, and what does it mean?
Invited talk at the workshop on formal frame theories, Heinrich Heine
Universität Düsseldorf, Germany. June 26th.
Frank Richter:
Negative Polarity Items as Collocations. From Theory to Implementation.
Workshop on Grammar Theory and Grammar Implementation, FU Berlin. April 17th.
Frank Richter & Janina Radó:
Negative Polarity Items and Idiomatic Expressions: Data, Theory and
Psycholinguistic Evidence.
Talk at the Nyelvtudományi Intézet of the Magyar Tudományos
Akadémia in Budapest, Hungary. June 4th.
Frank Richter:
Tretende Pferde und pfeifende Schweine (Kicking Horses and
Whisteling Pigs).
Talk in Gerhard Jäger and Wolfgang Sternefeld's Oberseminar at the
Universität Tübingen, July 6th.
Gianina Iordăchioaia & Frank Richter:
A Typological View on Negative Concord as Polyadic Quantification.
Talk at the Cogeti Workshop
in Tübingen, Germany. October 9th.
Frank Richter & Kilian Evang:
Neues von TRALE.
Talk at the Cogeti Workshop
in Tübingen, Germany. October 9th.
Frank Richter:
Zur Modellierung Negativ Polärer Elemente (On Modeling Negative Polarity Items).
Invited talk, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany.
October 28th.
2008
Frank Richter:
Does it Compute? NPIs, Negative Concord, and the Syntax-Semantics
Interface.
Invited talk, University at Buffalo, USA. January 28th.
Frank Richter:
Lexical Resource Semantics: Combinatorics, Selection, and Computation.
Invited talk, Laboratoire Bordelais de
Recherche en Informatique, Bordeaux, France. March 10th.
Frank Richter:
LRS und CLLRS: Von der Semantik zur computationellen Semantik (LRS
and CLLRS: From Semantics to Computational Semantics).
Invited talk, Universität Bonn, Germany. May 2nd.
Beata Trawiński, Manfred Sailer, Jan-Philipp Soehn, Lothar
Lemnitzer & Frank Richter:
Cranberry Expressions in English and in German. Talk at the
LREC 2008
workshop Towards a Shared Task for Multiword Expressions (MWE 2008) in
Marrakech, Morocco. June 1st.
Beata Trawiński, Jan-Philipp Soehn, Manfred Sailer & Frank Richter:
A Multilingual Electronic Database of Distributionally
Idiosyncratic Lexical Items.
Poster presentation at
EURALEX 2008 at
the Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona, Spain. July 18th.
Frank Richter & Manfred Sailer:
Simple Trees with Complex Semantics: On Epistemic Modals and
Strong Quantifiers. Talk at the
ESSLLI'08 workshop
What Syntax Feeds Semantics in Hamburg, Germany. August 14th.
Frank Richter:
Constraint-based Computational Semantics: Connecting Syntax,
Semantics and Implementation.
Invited talk, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA. October 24th.
Frank Richter:
Constraintbasierte Computationelle Semantik (Constraint-based Computational Semantics).
Invited talk, Universität Stuttgart, Germany. November 24th.
2007
Frank Richter:
Constraintbasierte Computationelle Semantik (Constraint-based
Computational Semantics).
Invited talk, Universität Bielefeld, Germany. March 22nd.
Frank Richter & Gerald Penn:
Scaling up with Lexical Resource Semantics. Talk at the workshop
Current Trends in Teaching Computational Linguistics in
Freudenstadt (June 18th-22nd), Germany. June 21st.
Frank Richter:
Closer to the Truth: A New Model Theory for HPSG.
Talk at the
ESSLLI'07 workshop
Model Theoretic Syntax at 10 at
Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. August 17th.
Frank Richter &
Manfred Sailer:
Neg Raising, Negative Polarity Items, and Underspecification.
Talk at the workshop on
Theoretical and Computational
Perspectives on Underspecification
in Stuttgart, Germany. November 2nd.
2006
Frank Richter &
Laura Kallmeyer:
Typed feature structures for semantic composition: a comparison
between LRS and LTAG. Talk at the
Workshop on Typed Feature Structure Grammars
at the
22nd Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics in Aalborg, Denmark.
June 20th.
Frank Richter & Laura Kallmeyer:
Constraint-based Computational Semantics: LTAG and LRS. Tutorial
at
HPSG 2006. The 13th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase
Structure Grammar in Varna, Bulgaria.
July 24th.
[Slides]
Frank Richter &
Jan-Philipp Soehn:
Braucht niemanden zu scheren: NPI Licensing in German.
Workshop contribution
to
HPSG 2006. The 13th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase
Structure Grammar in Varna, Bulgaria.
July 25th.
Frank Richter & Manfred Sailer:
Modelling Typological Markedness in Semantics: The Case of Negative
Concord.
Talk at
HPSG 2006. The 13th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase
Structure Grammar in Varna, Bulgaria.
July 26th.
Ekaterina Ovchinnikova & Frank Richter:
Morph Moulder: Graphical Software for Teaching and Visualizing
RSRL and Description Logics.
Talk at the
Second International Congress on Tools for Teaching Logic in
Salamanca, Spain. September 27th.
Frank Richter:
Über eine typologische Theorie des Negative Concord in LRS nach
CLLRS: Linguistische Theoriebildung und computerlinguistische
Implementierung (From
a Typological Theory of Negative Concord in LRS to CLLRS: Linguistic Theory and
Computational Implementation).
Invited talk, Universität Zürich, Switzerland. November 27th.
2005
Frank Richter: Semantische Komposition und Satznegation.
Invited talk at the Institut für germanistische Sprachwissenschaft
of the Universität Jena, Germany, on January 13th.
Frank Richter: The Trale system and the LRS implementation in
Trale. Invited talk at the Institute of Computer Science of
the Polish Academy
of Sciences in Warsaw, January 21st.
Frank Richter: E-learning in Linguistics: Developing and Teaching
`Grammar Formalisms and Parsing'. Invited talk at the
Institute of Computer Science of
the Polish Academy
of Sciences in Warsaw, June 6th.
Frank Richter & Janina Radó: Schinkenbrötchen, roh,
vollkorn, 2 Euro 80 - An LRS Analysis. Talk given at the
2nd International Workshop on Constraint-Based Grammar at
the Universität Bremen,
Germany (July 12th-13th, 2005), on July 13th.
Frank Richter & Manfred Sailer:
Zum Kompositionalitätsprinzip in der Semantik
(On the Principle of Compositionality in Semantics) and
Einführung in LRS (Introduction to LRS). Two
presentations belonging to a 4 hour tutorial on current issues in
semantics. Universität Bochum, Germany, October 1st.
Frank Richter & Gerald Penn:
Lexical Resource Semantics: From Theory to Implementation.
Delivered at the Semantics Workshop of the
11th International Conference on HPSG
in Leuven, Belgium, on August 3rd.
2003
Frank Richter: The Morph Moulder Software for Teaching the Logical
Foundations of HPSG.
Demo given at the
HPSG Workshop on Germanic at the Universität Bremen,
Germany (August 7th-8th, 2003), on August 8th.
Frank Richter & Manfred Sailer:
Distributionally Restricted Words in LRS.
Talk delivered to the meeting of the
British Constraint-Based Grammar Group at King's College in London,
England, on April 25th.
Frank Richter & Manfred Sailer:
LRS and Welsh Negation. Talk given at the
6th CLAIRE Workshop (26 and 27 April 2002)
at the University of Essex in Colchester, England, on April 26th.
Manfred Sailer
& Frank Richter:
Eine XML-Kodierung für AVM-Beschreibungen.
Talk delivered to the workshop `XML-Technologie'
at the Frühjahrstagung 2001 of the Gesellschaft für linguistische
Datenverarbeitung in Gießen, Germany.
Frank Richter &
Manfred Sailer:
Cranberry Words in Formal Grammar.
Talk at the Colloque
de Syntaxe et Sémantique à Paris
in Paris, France, on October 5th.
Valia Kordoni & Frank Richter:
A Comparison of LFG and HPSG. A two
week course given at the
12th European Summer School in Logic, Language,
and Information in Birmingham, England, from August 6th through
August 18th.
Frank Richter &
Manfred Sailer:
Three kinds of ``underspecified semantics'' in HPSG. Talk delivered to
the workshop on Linguistic Data Structures: Theoretical, Methodological,
Descriptive Issues of
the University of Tübingen and the University of Pennsylvania
in Tübingen on December 19th, 2000.
1999
Frank Richter & Manfred Sailer: Negative
Concord without Lexical Ambiguity Slides (13 pages) of a talk given at the Workshop on 'Slavic Negation'
during the 32nd Poznan Linguistic Meeting in Poznan, Poland, on May 1st,
1999.
Frank Richter & Manfred Sailer: Ohne
mich - Hinausstellung in HPSG Extended handout (18 pages) for a talk given at the IMS
Stuttgart on January 29th, 1996.
Frank Richter & Manfred Sailer: Regions
and Word Order Handout (9 pages) for a talk given at the International Center Workshop
on Computational Linguistics in Tübingen on September 20th, 1996.
Frank Richter & Manfred Sailer: Issues
in a German core grammar in HPSG Handout (8 pages) and slides of a talk given at the `International
Congress on Interfaces of Grammar: Theoretical and Computational Aspects'
in Tübingen on October 3rd, 1996.
Frank Richter: Settling
the Truth. Verum Focus in German Unpublished term paper, LING 753: Focus and Quantification,
University of Massachusetts Amherst, spring 1993. 23 pages. The linked scan
includes Barbara Partee's handwritten marginal comments. Background
and access note.